// Copyright (c) 2017, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package com.android.tools.r8;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import com.android.tools.r8.JctfTestSpecifications.Outcome;
import com.android.tools.r8.TestCondition.RuntimeSet;
import com.android.tools.r8.ToolHelper.ArtCommandBuilder;
import com.android.tools.r8.ToolHelper.DexVm;
import com.android.tools.r8.ToolHelper.DexVm.Kind;
import com.android.tools.r8.ToolHelper.DexVm.Version;
import com.android.tools.r8.ToolHelper.ProcessResult;
import com.android.tools.r8.dex.Constants;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.CompilationError;
import com.android.tools.r8.shaking.ProguardRuleParserException;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.AndroidApiLevel;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ArtErrorParser;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ArtErrorParser.ArtErrorInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.DexInspector;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.FileUtils;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.JarBuilder;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ListUtils;
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableListMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.junit.AssumptionViolatedException;
import org.junit.ComparisonFailure;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;

/**
 * This test class is not invoked directly. Instead, the gradle script generates one subclass per
 * actual art test. This allows us to run these in parallel.
 */
public abstract class R8RunArtTestsTest {

  private static final boolean DEX_COMPARE_WITH_DEX_REFERENCE_ON_FAILURE = true;

  private final String name;
  private final DexTool toolchain;

  @Rule
  public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

  public enum DexTool {
    JACK,
    DX,
    NONE // Working directly on .class files.
  }

  public enum CompilerUnderTest {
    D8,
    R8,
    R8_AFTER_D8 // refers to the R8 (default: debug) step but implies a previous D8 step as well
  }

  private static final String ART_TESTS_DIR = "tests/2017-10-04/art";
  private static final String ART_LEGACY_TESTS_DIR = "tests/2016-12-19/art/";
  private static final String ART_TESTS_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR = "tests/2017-10-04/art/lib64";
  private static final String ART_LEGACY_TESTS_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR = "tests/2016-12-19/art/lib64";

  private static final RuntimeSet LEGACY_RUNTIME = TestCondition.runtimes(
      DexVm.Version.V4_4_4,
      DexVm.Version.V5_1_1,
      DexVm.Version.V6_0_1,
      DexVm.Version.V7_0_0);

  // Input jar for jctf tests.
  private static final String JCTF_COMMON_JAR = "build/libs/jctfCommon.jar";

  // Parent dir for on-the-fly compiled jctf dex output.
  private static final String JCTF_TESTS_PREFIX = "build/classes/jctfTests";
  private static final String JCTF_TESTS_LIB_PREFIX =
      JCTF_TESTS_PREFIX + "/com/google/jctf/test/lib";
  private static final String JUNIT_TEST_RUNNER = "org.junit.runner.JUnitCore";
  private static final String JUNIT_JAR = "third_party/gradle/gradle/lib/plugins/junit-4.12.jar";
  private static final String HAMCREST_JAR =
      "third_party/gradle/gradle/lib/plugins/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar";

  // Test that required to set min-api to a specific value.
  private static Map<String, Integer> needMinSdkVersion =
      new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Integer>()
          // Android O
          .put("952-invoke-custom", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("952-invoke-custom-kinds", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("953-invoke-polymorphic-compiler", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("957-methodhandle-transforms", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("958-methodhandle-stackframe", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("959-invoke-polymorphic-accessors", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("979-const-method-handle", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          .put("990-method-handle-and-mr", AndroidApiLevel.O.getLevel())
          // Test intentionally asserts presence of bridge default methods desugar removes.
          .put("044-proxy", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Test intentionally asserts absence of default interface method in a class.
          .put("048-reflect-v8", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Uses default interface methods.
          .put("162-method-resolution", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          .put("616-cha-interface-default", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          .put("1910-transform-with-default", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Interface initializer is not triggered after desugaring.
          .put("962-iface-static", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Interface initializer is not triggered after desugaring.
          .put("964-default-iface-init-gen",AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // AbstractMethodError (for method not implemented in class) instead of
          // IncompatibleClassChangeError (for conflict of default interface methods).
          .put("968-default-partial-compile-gen",AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // NoClassDefFoundError (for companion class) instead of NoSuchMethodError.
          .put("970-iface-super-resolution-gen", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // NoClassDefFoundError (for companion class) instead of AbstractMethodError.
          .put("971-iface-super", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Test for miranda methods is not relevant for desugaring scenario.
          .put("972-default-imt-collision", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Uses default interface methods.
          .put("972-iface-super-multidex", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // java.util.Objects is missing and test has default methods.
          .put("973-default-multidex", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // a.klass.that.does.not.Exist is missing and test has default methods.
          .put("974-verify-interface-super", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          // Desugaring of interface private methods is not yet supported.
          .put("975-iface-private", AndroidApiLevel.N.getLevel())
          .build();

  // Tests that timeout when run with Art.
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> timeoutOrSkipRunWithArt =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // Loops on art - timeout.
          .put("109-suspend-check",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // Flaky loops on art.
          .put("129-ThreadGetId", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // Takes ages to run on art 5.1.1 and behaves the same as on 6.0.1. Running this
          // tests on 5.1.1 makes our buildbot cycles time too long.
          .put("800-smali", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // Hangs on dalvik.
          .put("802-deoptimization",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          .build();

  // Tests that are flaky with the Art version we currently use.
  // TODO(zerny): Amend flaky tests with an expected flaky result to track issues.
  private static Multimap<String, TestCondition> flakyRunWithArt =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // Can crash but mostly passes
          // Crashes:
          // check_reference_map_visitor.h:44] At Main.f
          // Check failed: size() >= sizeof(T) (size()=0, sizeof(T)=1)
          // If art is passed -Xrelocate instead of -Xnorelocate the test passes.
          .put("004-ReferenceMap", TestCondition.any())
          // Also marked flaky in the art repo, sometimes hangs, sometimes fails with a segfault:
          // line 105: 23283 Segmentation fault
          .put("004-ThreadStress", TestCondition.any())
          // When it fails:
          // stack_walk_jni.cc:57] Check failed: 0xdU == GetDexPc() (0xdU=13, GetDexPc()=23)
          // The R8/D8 code does not produce code with the same instructions.
          .put("004-StackWalk", TestCondition.any())
          // Nothing ensures the weak-ref is not cleared between makeRef and
          // printWeakReference on lines Main.java:78-79. An expected flaky
          // result contains: "but was:<wimp: [null]".
          .put("036-finalizer", TestCondition.any())
          // Can lead to art-master crash: concurrent_copying.cc:2135] Check failed:
          // to_ref != nullptr Fall-back non-moving space allocation failed
          .put("080-oom-fragmentation", TestCondition.any())
          // Failed on buildbot with: terminate called after throwing an instance
          // of '__gnu_cxx::recursive_init_error'
          .put("096-array-copy-concurrent-gc",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Sometimes fails with out of memory on Dalvik.
          .put("114-ParallelGC",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Seen crash: currently no more information
          .put("144-static-field-sigquit", TestCondition.any())
          // Opens a lot of file descriptors and depending on the state of the machine this
          // can crash art or not. Skip the run on art.
          .put("151-OpenFileLimit", TestCondition.any())
          // Can cause a segfault in the art vm 7.0.0
          // tools/linux/art-7.0.0/bin/art: line 105: 14395 Segmentation fault
          .put("607-daemon-stress", TestCondition.any())
          // Marked as flaky in the Art repository.
          .put("149-suspend-all-stress", TestCondition.any())
          .build();

  // Tests that are never compiled or run.
  private static List<String> skipAltogether = ImmutableList.of(
      // Those tests contains an invalid type hierarchy, which we cannot currently handle.
      "065-mismatched-implements",
      "066-mismatched-super",
      // This test contains invalid dex code that reads uninitialized registers after an
      // an instruction that would in any case throw (implicit via aget null 0).
      "706-jit-skip-compilation",
      // This test uses a user defined class loader to validate correct execution order
      // between loadclass event and the execution of a static method.
      // This does not work when performing inlining across classes.
      "496-checker-inlining-class-loader"
  );

  // Tests that may produce different output on consecutive runs or when processed or not.
  private static List<String> outputMayDiffer = ImmutableList.of(
      // One some versions of art, this will print the address of the boot classloader, which
      // may change between runs.
      "506-verify-aput",
      // Art does fail during validation of dex files if it encounters an ill-typed virtual-invoke
      // but allows interface-invokes to pass. As we rewrite one kind into the other, we remove
      // a verification error and thus change output.
      "135-MirandaDispatch",
      // This test constructs a conflict between static and instance field and expects to throw
      // an IllegalClassChangeException. However, with R8 or D8, the two accesses are rebound to
      // their actual target, this resolving the conflict.
      "073-mismatched-field"
  );

  // Tests that make use of agents/native code.
  // Our test setup does not handle flags/linking of these.
  private static List<String> usesNativeAgentCode = ImmutableList.of(
      "497-inlining-and-class-loader",
      "626-const-class-linking",
      "642-fp-callees",
      "660-clinit",
      "909-attach-agent",
      "914-hello-obsolescence",
      "915-obsolete-2",
      "916-obsolete-jit",
      "917-fields-transformation",
      "918-fields",
      "919-obsolete-fields",
      "920-objects",
      "921-hello-failure",
      "922-properties",
      "923-monitors",
      "924-threads",
      "925-threadgroups",
      "926-multi-obsolescence",
      "927-timers",
      "928-jni-table",
      "929-search",
      "930-hello-retransform",
      "931-agent-thread",
      "932-transform-saves",
      "933-misc-events",
      "934-load-transform",
      "935-non-retransformable",
      "936-search-onload",
      "937-hello-retransform-package",
      "938-load-transform-bcp",
      "939-hello-transformation-bcp",
      "940-recursive-obsolete",
      "941-recurive-obsolete-jit",
      "942-private-recursive",
      "943-private-recursive-jit",
      "944-transform-classloaders",
      "945-obsolete-native",
      "946-obsolete-throw",
      "947-reflect-method",
      "948-change-annotations",
      "949-in-memory-transform",
      "950-redefine-intrinsic",
      "951-threaded-obsolete",
      "980-redefine-object",
      "1900-track-alloc",
      "1901-get-bytecodes",
      "1902-suspend",
      "1903-suspend-self",
      "1904-double-suspend",
      "1906-suspend-list-me-first",
      "1907-suspend-list-self-twice",
      "1909-per-agent-tls",
      "1910-transform-with-default",
      "1911-get-local-var-table",
      "1912-get-set-local-primitive",
      "1913-get-set-local-objects",
      "1914-get-local-instance",
      "1915-get-set-local-current-thread",
      "1916-get-set-current-frame",
      "1917-get-stack-frame",
      "1919-vminit-thread-start-timing",
      "1920-suspend-native-monitor",
      "1921-suspend-native-recursive-monitor",
      "1922-owned-monitors-info",
      "1923-frame-pop",
      "1924-frame-pop-toggle",
      "1925-self-frame-pop",
      "1926-missed-frame-pop",
      "1927-exception-event",
      "1928-exception-event-exception",
      "1929-exception-catch-exception",
      "1930-monitor-info",
      "1931-monitor-events",
      "1932-monitor-events-misc",
      "1933-monitor-current-contended",
      "1934-jvmti-signal-thread",
      "1935-get-set-current-frame-jit",
      "1936-thread-end-events",
      // These tests need a library name as parameter
      "164-resolution-trampoline-dex-cache",
      "597-deopt-invoke-stub",
      "597-deopt-busy-loop",
      "661-oat-writer-layout",
      "661-classloader-allocator",
      "664-aget-verifier"
  );

  // Tests with custom run.
  private static List<String> customRun = ImmutableList.of(
      "000-nop",
      "018-stack-overflow",
      "055-enum-performance",
      "071-dexfile-map-clean",
      "091-override-package-private-method",
      "103-string-append",
      "115-native-bridge",
      "116-nodex2oat",
      "117-nopatchoat",
      "118-noimage-dex2oat",
      "119-noimage-patchoat",
      "126-miranda-multidex",
      "127-checker-secondarydex",
      "131-structural-change",
      "133-static-invoke-super",
      "134-nodex2oat-nofallback",
      "137-cfi",
      "138-duplicate-classes-check2",
      "146-bad-interface",
      "147-stripped-dex-fallback",
      "304-method-tracing",
      "529-checker-unresolved",
      "555-checker-regression-x86const",
      "569-checker-pattern-replacement",
      "570-checker-osr",
      "574-irreducible-and-constant-area",
      "577-profile-foreign-dex",
      "595-profile-saving",
      "597-deopt-new-string",
      "608-checker-unresolved-lse",
      "613-inlining-dex-cache",
      "636-wrong-static-access",
      "900-hello-plugin",
      "901-hello-ti-agent",
      "902-hello-transformation",
      "910-methods",
      "911-get-stack-trace",
      "912-classes",
      "913-heaps"
  );

  // Tests with C++ code (JNI)
  private static List<String> useJNI = ImmutableList.of(
      "004-JniTest",
      "004-NativeAllocations",
      "004-ReferenceMap",
      "004-SignalTest",
      "004-StackWalk",
      "004-ThreadStress",
      "004-UnsafeTest",
      "044-proxy",
      "051-thread",
      "115-native-bridge",
      "117-nopatchoat",
      "136-daemon-jni-shutdown",
      "137-cfi",
      "139-register-natives",
      "141-class-unload",
      "148-multithread-gc-annotations",
      "149-suspend-all-stress",
      "154-gc-loop",
      "155-java-set-resolved-type",
      "157-void-class",
      "158-app-image-class-table",
      "454-get-vreg",
      "457-regs",
      "461-get-reference-vreg",
      "466-get-live-vreg",
      "497-inlining-and-class-loader",
      "543-env-long-ref",
      "566-polymorphic-inlining",
      "570-checker-osr",
      "595-profile-saving",
      "596-app-images",
      "597-deopt-new-string",
      "616-cha",
      "616-cha-abstract",
      "616-cha-interface",
      "616-cha-interface-default",
      "616-cha-miranda",
      "616-cha-regression-proxy-method",
      "616-cha-native",
      "616-cha-proxy-method-inline",
      "626-const-class-linking",
      "626-set-resolved-string",
      "900-hello-plugin",
      "901-hello-ti-agent",
      "1337-gc-coverage"
  );

  private static List<String> expectedToFailRunWithArtNonDefault = ImmutableList.of(
      // Fails due to missing symbol, jni tests, fails on non-R8/D8 run.
      "004-JniTest",
      "004-SignalTest",
      "004-ThreadStress",
      "004-UnsafeTest",
      "044-proxy",
      "051-thread",
      "136-daemon-jni-shutdown",
      "139-register-natives",
      "148-multithread-gc-annotations",
      "149-suspend-all-stress",
      "154-gc-loop",
      "155-java-set-resolved-type",
      "156-register-dex-file-multi-loader",
      "157-void-class",
      "158-app-image-class-table",
      "466-get-live-vreg",
      "497-inlining-and-class-loader",
      "566-polymorphic-inlining",
      "596-app-images",
      "616-cha",
      "616-cha-abstract",
      "616-cha-regression-proxy-method",
      "616-cha-native",
      "626-set-resolved-string",
      "629-vdex-speed",
      "1337-gc-coverage",

      // Addition of checks for super-class-initialization cause this to abort on non-ToT art.
      "008-exceptions",

      // Fails due to non-matching Exception messages.
      "201-built-in-except-detail-messages",

      // Fails on non-R8/D8 run
      "031-class-attributes",
      "617-clinit-oome"
  );

  private static Map<DexVm.Version, List<String>> expectedToFailRunWithArtVersion = ImmutableMap.of(
      DexVm.Version.V7_0_0, ImmutableList.of(
          // Generally fails on non-R8/D8 running.
          "412-new-array",
          "610-arraycopy",
          "625-checker-licm-regressions",
          // Crashes the VM, cause is unclear.
          "080-oom-throw"
      ),
      DexVm.Version.V6_0_1, ImmutableList.of(
          // Generally fails on non-R8/D8 running.
          "004-checker-UnsafeTest18",
          "005-annotations",
          "008-exceptions",
          "061-out-of-memory",
          "082-inline-execute",
          "099-vmdebug",
          "412-new-array",
          "530-checker-lse2",
          "534-checker-bce-deoptimization",
          "550-new-instance-clinit",
          "580-checker-round",
          "594-invoke-super",
          "625-checker-licm-regressions",
          "626-const-class-linking",
          // Crashes the VM, cause is unclear.
          "080-oom-throw"
      ),
      DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, ImmutableList.of(
          // Generally fails on non R8/D8 running.
          "004-checker-UnsafeTest18",
          "004-NativeAllocations",
          "005-annotations",
          "008-exceptions",
          "082-inline-execute",
          "099-vmdebug",
          "143-string-value",
          "530-checker-lse2",
          "536-checker-intrinsic-optimization",
          "552-invoke-non-existent-super",
          "580-checker-round",
          "580-checker-string-fact-intrinsics",
          "594-invoke-super",
          "605-new-string-from-bytes",
          "626-const-class-linking"
      ),
      DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, ImmutableList.of(
          // Generally fails on non R8/D8 running.
          "004-checker-UnsafeTest18",
          "004-NativeAllocations",
          "005-annotations",
          "008-exceptions",
          "082-inline-execute",
          "099-vmdebug",
          "143-string-value",
          "530-checker-lse2",
          "536-checker-intrinsic-optimization",
          "552-invoke-non-existent-super",
          "580-checker-round",
          "580-checker-string-fact-intrinsics",
          "594-invoke-super",
          "605-new-string-from-bytes",
          "626-const-class-linking"
      )
  );

  // Tests where the R8/D8 output runs in Art but the original does not.
  private static Multimap<String, TestCondition> failingRunWithArtOriginalOnly =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>().build();

  // Tests where the output of R8 fails when run with Art.
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> failingRunWithArt =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // This test relies on specific field access patterns, which we rewrite.
          .put("064-field-access",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.R8_NOT_AFTER_D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          .put("064-field-access",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.R8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(
                      DexVm.Version.DEFAULT, DexVm.Version.V7_0_0, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1,
                      DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // The growth limit test fails after processing by R8 because R8 will eliminate an
          // "unneeded" const store. The following reflective call to the VM's GC will then see the
          // large array as still live and the subsequent allocations will fail to reach the desired
          // size before an out-of-memory error occurs. See:
          // tests/art/{dx,jack}/104-growth-limit/src/Main.java:40
          .put(
              "104-growth-limit",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER, TestCondition.RELEASE_MODE))
          .put(
              "461-get-reference-vreg",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition
                      .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V7_0_0, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // Dalvik fails on reading an uninitialized local.
          .put(
              "471-uninitialized-locals",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Out of memory.
          .put("152-dead-large-object",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Cannot resolve exception handler. Interestingly, D8 generates different code in
          // release mode (which is also the code generated by R8) which passes.
          .put("111-unresolvable-exception",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Type not present.
          .put("124-missing-classes",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Failed creating vtable.
          .put("587-inline-class-error",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Failed creating vtable.
          .put("595-error-class",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // NoSuchFieldException: systemThreadGroup on Art 4.4.4.
          .put("129-ThreadGetId",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Verifier says: can't modify final field LMain;.staticFinalField.
          .put("600-verifier-fails",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // VFY: args to if-eq/if-ne must both be refs or cat1.
          .put("134-reg-promotion",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.R8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          .put("134-reg-promotion",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE, DexTool.JACK),
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // VFY: tried to get class from non-ref register.
          .put("506-verify-aput",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // NoSuchMethod: startMethodTracing.
          .put("545-tracing-and-jit",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // filled-new-array arg 0(1) not valid.
          .put("412-new-array",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // TODO(ager): unclear what is failing here.
          .put("098-ddmc",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Get unexpected modifier bits on dalvik.
          .put("121-modifiers", TestCondition.match(
              TestCondition.tools(DexTool.DX),
              TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Unsatisfiable link error:
          // libarttest.so: undefined symbol: _ZN3art6Thread18RunEmptyCheckpointEv
          .put(
              "543-env-long-ref",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition
                      .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V7_0_0, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // lib64 libarttest.so: wrong ELF class ELFCLASS64.
          .put("543-env-long-ref",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // Regression test for an issue that is not fixed on version 5.1.1. Throws an Exception
          // instance instead of the expected NullPointerException. This bug is only tickled when
          // running the R8 generated code when starting from jar or from dex code generated with
          // dx. However, the code that R8 generates is valid and there is nothing we can do for
          // this one.
          .put(
              "551-implicit-null-checks",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE, DexTool.DX),
                  TestCondition.R8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          // Contains a method (B.<init>) which pass too few arguments to invoke. Also, contains an
          // iput on a static field.
          .put(
              "600-verifier-fails",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V7_0_0, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1,
                      DexVm.Version.V5_1_1)))
          .build();

  // Tests where the output of R8/D8 runs in Art but produces different output than the expected.txt
  // checked into the Art repo.
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> failingRunWithArtOutput =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // On Art 4.4.4 we have fewer refs than expected (except for d8 when compiled with dx).
          .put("072-precise-gc",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.R8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          .put("072-precise-gc",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.JACK, DexTool.NONE),
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4)))
          // This one is expected to have different output. It counts instances, but the list that
          // keeps the instances alive is dead and could be garbage collected. The compiler reuses
          // the register for the list and therefore there are no live instances.
          .put("099-vmdebug", TestCondition.any())
          // This test relies on output on stderr, which we currently do not collect.
          .put("143-string-value", TestCondition.any())
          .put(
              "800-smali",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1)))
          // Triggers regression test in 6.0.1 when using R8/D8 in debug mode.
          .put(
              "474-fp-sub-neg",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE, DexTool.JACK),
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V6_0_1)))
          .build();

  private static final TestCondition beforeAndroidN =
      TestCondition
          .match(TestCondition
              .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1));
  private static final TestCondition beforeAndroidO =
      TestCondition.match(
          TestCondition.runtimes(
              DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1,
              DexVm.Version.V7_0_0));

  // TODO(ager): Could we test that these fail in the way that we expect?
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> expectedToFailRunWithArt =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // Contains bad finalizer that times out.
          .put("030-bad-finalizer", TestCondition.any())
          // Contains a direct method call with a null receiver.
          .put("034-call-null", TestCondition.any())
          // Testing uncaught exceptions.
          .put("054-uncaught", TestCondition.any())
          // Contains a null pointer exception.
          .put("038-inner-null", TestCondition.any())
          // Null pointer exception.
          .put("071-dexfile", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("088-monitor-verification", TestCondition.any())
          // Attempts to run hprof.
          .put("130-hprof", TestCondition.any())
          // Null pointer exception. Test doesn't exist for dx.
          .put("138-duplicate-classes-check", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("150-loadlibrary", TestCondition.any())
          // Uses dex file version 37 and therefore only runs on Android N and above.
          .put(
              "370-dex-v37",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.JACK, DexTool.DX),
                  TestCondition.compilers(CompilerUnderTest.R8, CompilerUnderTest.D8),
                  TestCondition
                      .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1)))
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("449-checker-bce", TestCondition.any())
          // Fails: get_vreg_jni.cc:46] Check failed: value == 42u (value=314630384, 42u=42)
          // The R8/D8 code does not produce values in the same registers as the tests expects in
          // Main.testPairVReg where Main.doNativeCall is called (v1 vs v0).
          .put(
              "454-get-vreg",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1,
                      DexVm.Version.V6_0_1, DexVm.Version.V7_0_0)))
          .put(
              "454-get-vreg",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE),
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.DEFAULT)))
          .put("454-get-vreg", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Fails: regs_jni.cc:42] Check failed: GetVReg(m, 0, kIntVReg, &value)
          // The R8/D8 code does not put values in the same registers as the tests expects.
          .put(
              "457-regs",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1,
                      DexVm.Version.V6_0_1, DexVm.Version.V7_0_0)))
          .put(
              "457-regs",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE),
                  TestCondition.D8_COMPILER,
                  TestCondition.runtimes(DexVm.Version.DEFAULT)))
          .put("457-regs", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Class not found.
          .put("529-checker-unresolved", TestCondition.any())
          // Fails: env_long_ref.cc:44] Check failed: GetVReg(m, 1, kReferenceVReg, &value)
          // The R8/D8 code does not produce values in the same registers as the tests expects in
          // the stack frame for TestCase.testCase checked by the native Main.lookForMyRegisters
          // (v1 vs v0).
          .put("543-env-long-ref", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("555-UnsafeGetLong-regression", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("563-checker-fakestring", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("575-checker-string-init-alias", TestCondition.any())
          // Runtime exception.
          .put("577-profile-foreign-dex", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("602-deoptimizeable", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("604-hot-static-interface", TestCondition.any())
          // Array index out of bounds exception.
          .put("612-jit-dex-cache", TestCondition.any())
          // Fails: get_reference_vreg_jni.cc:43] Check failed: GetVReg(m, 1, kReferenceVReg,
          // &value)
          // The R8 code does not put values in the same registers as the tests expects in
          // Main.testThisWithInstanceCall checked by the native Main.doNativeCallRef (v0 vs. v1 and
          // only 1 register instead fof 2).
          .put("461-get-reference-vreg", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // This test uses register r1 in method that is declared to only use 1 register (r0). This
          // is in dex code which D8 does not convert. Therefore the error is a verification error
          // at runtime and that is expected.
          .put("142-classloader2", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.D8_COMPILER))
          // Invoke-custom is supported by D8 and R8, but it can only run on our newest version
          // of art.
          .put("952-invoke-custom", beforeAndroidO)
          .put("952-invoke-custom-kinds", beforeAndroidO)
          // Invoke-polymorphic is supported by D8 and R8, but it can only run on our newest version
          // of art.
          .put("953-invoke-polymorphic-compiler", beforeAndroidO)
          .put("957-methodhandle-transforms", beforeAndroidO)
          .put("958-methodhandle-stackframe", beforeAndroidO)
          .put("959-invoke-polymorphic-accessors", beforeAndroidO)
          .put("044-proxy", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("048-reflect-v8", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("962-iface-static", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("964-default-iface-init-gen", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("968-default-partial-compile-gen", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("970-iface-super-resolution-gen", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("971-iface-super", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("972-default-imt-collision", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("973-default-multidex", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("974-verify-interface-super", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          .put("975-iface-private", beforeAndroidN) // --min-sdk = 24
          // Uses dex file version 37 and therefore only runs on Android N and above.
          .put("972-iface-super-multidex",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.tools(DexTool.JACK, DexTool.DX),
                  TestCondition
                      .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1)))
          // Uses dex file version 37 and therefore only runs on Android N and above.
          .put("978-virtual-interface",
              TestCondition.match(TestCondition.tools(DexTool.JACK, DexTool.DX),
                  TestCondition
                      .runtimes(DexVm.Version.V4_4_4, DexVm.Version.V5_1_1, DexVm.Version.V6_0_1)))
          .build();

  // Tests where code generation fails.
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> failingWithCompiler =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // Contains two methods with the same name and signature but different code.
          .put("097-duplicate-method", TestCondition.any())
          // Contains a method (B.<init>) which pass too few arguments to invoke. Also, contains an
          // iput on a static field.
          .put("600-verifier-fails", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Contains a method that falls off the end without a return.
          .put("606-erroneous-class", TestCondition.match(
              TestCondition.tools(DexTool.DX, DexTool.JACK),
              TestCondition.R8_NOT_AFTER_D8_COMPILER,
              LEGACY_RUNTIME))
          .build();

  // Tests that are invalid dex files and on which R8/D8 fails and that is OK.
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> expectedToFailWithCompiler =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // When starting from the Jar frontend we see the A$B class both from the Java source
          // code and from the smali dex code. We reject that because there are then two definitions
          // of the same class in the application. When running from the final dex files there is
          // only on A$B class because of a custom build script that merges them.
          .put("121-modifiers", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE)))
          // This test uses register r1 in method that is declared to only use 1 register (r0).
          .put("142-classloader2", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // This test uses an uninitialized register.
          .put("471-uninitialized-locals", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // This test is starting from invalid dex code. It splits up a double value and uses
          // the first register of a double with the second register of another double.
          .put("800-smali", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Contains a loop in the class hierarchy.
          .put("804-class-extends-itself", TestCondition.any())
          // It is not possible to compute target of method call due to ambiguous methods, thus fail
          // to generate one dex from several dex inputs that represent an invalid program.
          .put("004-JniTest", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          .put("960-default-smali", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          .put("966-default-conflict", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          .put("972-iface-super-multidex", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          .build();

  // Tests that does not have valid input for us to be compatible with jack/dx running.
  private static List<String> noInputJar = ImmutableList.of(
      "097-duplicate-method", // No input class files.
      "630-safecast-array", // No input class files.
      "801-VoidCheckCast", // No input class files.
      "804-class-extends-itself", // No input class files.
      "972-iface-super-multidex", // Based on multiple smali files
      "973-default-multidex", // Based on multiple smali files.
      "974-verify-interface-super", // No input class files.
      "975-iface-private", // No input class files.
      "976-conflict-no-methods", // No input class files
      "978-virtual-interface", // No input class files
      "663-odd-dex-size", // No input class files
      "663-odd-dex-size2", // No input class files
      "663-odd-dex-size3", // No input class files
      "663-odd-dex-size4" // No input class files
  );

  // Some JCTF test cases require test classes from other tests. These are listed here.
  private static final Map<String, List<String>> jctfTestsExternalClassFiles =
      new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, List<String>>()
          .put("lang.RuntimePermission.Class.RuntimePermission_class_A13",
              new ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
                  .add("lang/Thread/stop/Thread_stop_A02.class")
                  .add("lang/Thread/stopLjava_lang_Throwable/Thread_stop_A02.class")
                  .build())
          .put("lang.RuntimePermission.Class.RuntimePermission_class_A02",
              new ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
                  .add("lang/Class/getClassLoader/Class_getClassLoader_A03.class")
                  .add("lang/ClassLoader/getParent/ClassLoader_getParent_A02.class")
                  .add("lang/Thread/getContextClassLoader/Thread_getContextClassLoader_A02.class")
                  .add("lang/Runtime/exitI/Runtime_exit_A02.class")
                  .build())
          .put("lang.Runtime.exitI.Runtime_exit_A03",
              new ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
                  .add("lang/Runtime/exitI/Runtime_exit_A02.class")
                  .build())
          .build();

  // Tests to skip on some conditions
  private static final Multimap<String, TestCondition> testToSkip =
      new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<String, TestCondition>()
          // When running R8 on dex input (D8, DX or JACK) this test non-deterministically fails
          // with a compiler exception, due to invoke-virtual on an interface, or it completes but
          // the output when run on Art is not as expected. b/65233869
          .put("162-method-resolution",
              TestCondition.match(
                  TestCondition.tools(DexTool.DX, DexTool.JACK), TestCondition.R8_COMPILER))
          // Old runtimes used the legacy test directory which does not contain input for tools
          // NONE and DX.
          .put("952-invoke-custom", TestCondition.match(
              TestCondition.tools(DexTool.NONE, DexTool.DX),
              LEGACY_RUNTIME))
          // No input dex files for DX
          .put("952-invoke-custom-kinds", TestCondition.match(TestCondition.tools(DexTool.DX)))
          .build();

  public static List<String> requireInliningToBeDisabled = ImmutableList.of(
      // Test require that a call is not inlined to trigger an OOM.
      "163-app-image-methods",

      // Test for a specific stack trace that gets destroyed by inlining.
      "492-checker-inline-invoke-interface",
      "493-checker-inline-invoke-interface",
      "488-checker-inline-recursive-calls",
      "487-checker-inline-calls",
      "122-npe",
      "141-class-unload",

      // Calls some internal art methods that cannot tolerate inlining.
      "466-get-live-vreg",

      // Requires a certain call pattern to surface an Art bug.
      "534-checker-bce-deoptimization",

      // Requires something to be allocated in a method so that it goes out of scope.
      "059-finalizer-throw",

      // Has tests in submethods, which we should not inline.
      "625-checker-licm-regressions"
  );

  private static List<String> failuresToTriage = ImmutableList.of(
      // Contains a method that falls off the end without a return, the test should not be excluded
      // for all configurations but for all using a jar file as input
      "606-erroneous-class",

      // const-method-handle and const-method-type
      "979-const-method-handle",

      // Dex file input into a jar file, not yet supported by the test framework.
      "663-odd-dex-size",
      "663-odd-dex-size2",
      "663-odd-dex-size3",
      "663-odd-dex-size4",

      // This is flaky.
      "104-growth-limit",

      // Various failures.
      "138-duplicate-classes-check",
      "461-get-reference-vreg",
      "629-vdex-speed",
      "638-no-line-number",
      "647-jni-get-field-id",
      "649-vdex-duplicate-method",
      "652-deopt-intrinsic",
      "655-jit-clinit",
      "656-annotation-lookup-generic-jni",
      "656-loop-deopt",
      "707-checker-invalid-profile",
      "708-jit-cache-churn",

      // These use "native trace".
      "981-dedup-original-dex",
      "982-ok-no-retransform",
      "983-source-transform-verify",
      "984-obsolete-invoke",
      "985-re-obsolete",
      "986-native-method-bind",
      "987-agent-bind",
      "988-method-trace",
      "989-method-trace-throw",
      "990-field-trace",
      "991-field-trace-2",
      "992-source-data",
      "993-breakpoints",
      "994-breakpoint-line",
      "995-breakpoints-throw",
      "996-breakpoint-obsolete",
      "997-single-step",

      // These two fail with missing *-hostdex.jar files.
      "648-inline-caches-unresolved",
      "998-redefine-use-after-free"
  );

  private static class TestSpecification {

    // Name of the Art test
    private final String name;
    // Directory of the test files (containing prebuild dex/jar files and expected output).
    private final File directory;
    // Compiler that these expectations are for dx or Jack, or none if running on class files.
    private final DexTool dexTool;
    // Native library to use for running this test - if any.
    private final String nativeLibrary;
    // Skip running this test with Art - most likely due to timeout.
    private final boolean skipArt;
    // Skip running this test altogether. For example, there might be no input in this configuration
    // (e.g. no class files).
    private final boolean skipTest;
    // Fails compilation - most likely throws an exception.
    private final boolean failsWithX8;
    // Expected to fail compilation with a CompilationError.
    private final boolean expectedToFailWithX8;
    // Fails running the output in Art with an assertion error. Typically due to verification
    // errors.
    private final boolean failsWithArt;
    // Runs in art but fails the run because it produces different results.
    private final boolean failsWithArtOutput;
    // Original fails in art but the R8/D8 version can run in art.
    private final boolean failsWithArtOriginalOnly;
    // Test might produce different outputs.
    private final boolean outputMayDiffer;
    // Whether to disable inlining
    private final boolean disableInlining;

    TestSpecification(String name, DexTool dexTool,
        File directory, boolean skipArt, boolean skipTest, boolean failsWithX8,
        boolean failsWithArt, boolean failsWithArtOutput, boolean failsWithArtOriginalOnly,
        String nativeLibrary, boolean expectedToFailWithX8, boolean outputMayDiffer,
        boolean disableInlining) {
      this.name = name;
      this.dexTool = dexTool;
      this.nativeLibrary = nativeLibrary;
      this.directory = directory;
      this.skipArt = skipArt;
      this.skipTest =
          skipTest || (ToolHelper.isWindows() && ToolHelper.getDexVm().getKind() == Kind.HOST);
      this.failsWithX8 = failsWithX8;
      this.failsWithArt = failsWithArt;
      this.failsWithArtOutput = failsWithArtOutput;
      this.failsWithArtOriginalOnly = failsWithArtOriginalOnly;
      this.expectedToFailWithX8 = expectedToFailWithX8;
      this.outputMayDiffer = outputMayDiffer;
      this.disableInlining = disableInlining;
    }

    TestSpecification(String name, DexTool dexTool, File directory, boolean skipArt,
        boolean failsWithArt, boolean disableInlining) {
      this(name, dexTool, directory, skipArt,
          false, false, failsWithArt, false, false, null, false, false, disableInlining);
    }

    public File resolveFile(String name) {
      return directory.toPath().resolve(name).toFile();
    }

    public String toString() {
      return name + " (" + dexTool + ")";
    }
  }

  private static class SpecificationKey {

    private final String name;
    private final DexTool toolchain;

    private SpecificationKey(String name, DexTool toolchain) {
      assert name != null;
      this.name = name;
      this.toolchain = toolchain;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (!(o instanceof SpecificationKey)) {
        return false;
      }

      SpecificationKey that = (SpecificationKey) o;
      return name.equals(that.name) && toolchain == that.toolchain;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return 31 * name.hashCode() + toolchain.hashCode();
    }
  }

  private static Set<String> collectTestsMatchingConditions(
      DexTool dexTool,
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest,
      DexVm.Version dexVmVersion,
      CompilationMode mode,
      Multimap<String, TestCondition> testConditionsMap) {
    Set<String> set = Sets.newHashSet();
    for (Map.Entry<String, TestCondition> kv : testConditionsMap.entries()) {
      if (kv.getValue().test(dexTool, compilerUnderTest, dexVmVersion, mode)) {
        set.add(kv.getKey());
      }
    }
    return set;
  }

  private static Map<SpecificationKey, TestSpecification> getTestsMap(
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest, CompilationMode compilationMode, DexVm.Version version) {
    File defaultArtTestDir = new File(ART_TESTS_DIR);
    File legacyArtTestDir = new File(ART_LEGACY_TESTS_DIR);
    if (!defaultArtTestDir.exists() || !legacyArtTestDir.exists()) {
      // Don't run any tests if the directory does not exist.
      return Collections.emptyMap();
    }
    Map<SpecificationKey, TestSpecification> data = new HashMap<>();

    // Collect tests where running Art is skipped (we still run R8/D8 on these).
    Set<String> skipArt = new HashSet<>(customRun);

    Set<String> skipTest = Sets.newHashSet(skipAltogether);
    skipTest.addAll(usesNativeAgentCode);
    skipTest.addAll(failuresToTriage);

    // Collect the tests requiring the native library.
    Set<String> useNativeLibrary = Sets.newHashSet(useJNI);
    for (DexTool dexTool : DexTool.values()) {
      File artTestDir =
          dexTool == DexTool.JACK || LEGACY_RUNTIME.set.contains(version) ? legacyArtTestDir
              : defaultArtTestDir;
      // Collect the tests failing code generation.
      Set<String> failsWithCompiler =
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, failingWithCompiler);

      // Collect the tests that are flaky.
      skipArt.addAll(collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, flakyRunWithArt));

      // Collect tests that has no input:
      if (dexTool == DexTool.NONE) {
        skipTest.addAll(noInputJar);
      }

      // Collect the test that we should skip in this configuration
      skipTest.addAll(collectTestsMatchingConditions(
          dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, testToSkip));

      // Collect the test that we should skip in this configuration.
      skipArt.addAll(
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, timeoutOrSkipRunWithArt));

      // Collect the tests failing to run in Art (we still run R8/D8 on these).
      Set<String> failsWithArt =
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, failingRunWithArt);
      {
        Set<String> tmpSet =
            collectTestsMatchingConditions(
                dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, expectedToFailRunWithArt);
        failsWithArt.addAll(tmpSet);
      }

      if (!ToolHelper.isDefaultDexVm(ToolHelper.getDexVm())) {
        // Generally failing when not TOT art.
        failsWithArt.addAll(expectedToFailRunWithArtNonDefault);
        // Version specific failures
        failsWithArt
            .addAll(expectedToFailRunWithArtVersion.get(ToolHelper.getDexVm().getVersion()));
      }

      // Collect the tests failing with output differences in Art.
      Set<String> failsRunWithArtOutput =
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, failingRunWithArtOutput);
      Set<String> expectedToFailWithCompilerSet =
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, expectedToFailWithCompiler);

      // Collect the tests where the original works in Art and the R8/D8 generated output does not.
      Set<String> failsRunWithArtOriginalOnly =
          collectTestsMatchingConditions(
              dexTool, compilerUnderTest, version, compilationMode, failingRunWithArtOriginalOnly);

      File compilerTestDir = artTestDir.toPath().resolve(dexToolDirectory(dexTool)).toFile();
      File[] testDirs = compilerTestDir.listFiles();
      assert testDirs != null;
      for (File testDir : testDirs) {
        String name = testDir.getName();
        // Skip all tests compiled to dex with jack on Dalvik. They have a too high dex
        // version number in the generated output.
        boolean skip = skipTest.contains(name) ||
            (dexTool == DexTool.JACK && version == DexVm.Version.V4_4_4);
        // All the native code for all Art tests is currently linked into the
        // libarttest.so file.
        data.put(
            new SpecificationKey(name, dexTool),
            new TestSpecification(
                name,
                dexTool,
                testDir,
                skipArt.contains(name),
                skip,
                failsWithCompiler.contains(name),
                failsWithArt.contains(name),
                failsRunWithArtOutput.contains(name),
                failsRunWithArtOriginalOnly.contains(name),
                useNativeLibrary.contains(name) ? "arttest" : null,
                expectedToFailWithCompilerSet.contains(name),
                outputMayDiffer.contains(name),
                requireInliningToBeDisabled.contains(name)));
      }
    }
    return data;
  }

  private static CompilationMode defaultCompilationMode(CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest) {
    CompilationMode compilationMode = null;
    switch (compilerUnderTest) {
      case R8:
        compilationMode = CompilationMode.RELEASE;
        break;
      case D8:
      case R8_AFTER_D8:
        compilationMode = CompilationMode.DEBUG;
        break;
      default:
        throw new RuntimeException("Unreachable.");
    }
    return compilationMode;
  }

  private static String dexToolDirectory(DexTool tool) {
    // DexTool.NONE uses class files in the dx directory.
    return tool == DexTool.JACK ? "jack" : "dx";
  }

  @Rule
  public TemporaryFolder temp = ToolHelper.getTemporaryFolderForTest();

  public R8RunArtTestsTest(String name, DexTool toolchain) {
    this.name = name;
    this.toolchain = toolchain;
  }

  private ArtCommandBuilder buildArtCommand(
      File dexFile, TestSpecification specification, DexVm artVersion) {
    ArtCommandBuilder builder = new ArtCommandBuilder(artVersion);
    builder.appendClasspath(dexFile.toString());
    // All Art tests have the main class Main.
    builder.setMainClass("Main");
    if (specification.nativeLibrary != null) {
      // All the native libraries for all Art tests is in the same directory.
      File artTestNativeLibraryDir = new File(ART_TESTS_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR);
      if (artVersion != DexVm.ART_DEFAULT) {
        artTestNativeLibraryDir = new File(ART_LEGACY_TESTS_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR);
      }
      builder.addToJavaLibraryPath(artTestNativeLibraryDir);
      builder.appendProgramArgument(specification.nativeLibrary);
    }
    return builder;
  }

  protected void runArtTest() throws Throwable {
    // Use the default dex VM specified.
    runArtTest(ToolHelper.getDexVm(), CompilerUnderTest.R8);
  }

  protected void runArtTest(CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest) throws Throwable {
    // Use the default dex VM specified.
    runArtTest(ToolHelper.getDexVm(), compilerUnderTest);
  }

  private void executeCompilerUnderTest(
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest,
      Collection<String> fileNames,
      String resultPath,
      CompilationMode compilationMode,
      boolean disableInlining)
      throws IOException, ProguardRuleParserException, ExecutionException, CompilationException {
    executeCompilerUnderTest(compilerUnderTest, fileNames, resultPath, compilationMode, null,
        disableInlining);
  }

  private void executeCompilerUnderTest(
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest,
      Collection<String> fileNames,
      String resultPath,
      CompilationMode mode,
      String keepRulesFile,
      boolean disableInlining)
      throws IOException, ProguardRuleParserException, ExecutionException, CompilationException {
    assert mode != null;
    switch (compilerUnderTest) {
      case D8: {
        assert keepRulesFile == null : "Keep-rules file specified for D8.";
        D8Command.Builder builder =
            D8Command.builder()
                .setMode(mode)
                .addProgramFiles(ListUtils.map(fileNames, Paths::get));
        Integer minSdkVersion = needMinSdkVersion.get(name);
        if (minSdkVersion != null) {
          builder.setMinApiLevel(minSdkVersion);
          builder.addLibraryFiles(Paths.get(ToolHelper.getAndroidJar(minSdkVersion)));
        } else {
          builder.addLibraryFiles(Paths.get(
              ToolHelper.getAndroidJar(AndroidApiLevel.getDefault().getLevel())));
        }

        D8Output output = D8.run(builder.build());
        output.write(Paths.get(resultPath));
        break;
      }
      case R8: {
        R8Command.Builder builder =
            R8Command.builder()
                .setMode(mode)
                .setOutputPath(Paths.get(resultPath))
                .addProgramFiles(ListUtils.map(fileNames, Paths::get))
                .setIgnoreMissingClasses(true);
        Integer minSdkVersion = needMinSdkVersion.get(name);
        if (minSdkVersion != null) {
          builder.setMinApiLevel(minSdkVersion);
        }
        if (keepRulesFile != null) {
          builder.addProguardConfigurationFiles(Paths.get(keepRulesFile));
        }
        // Add internal flags for testing purposes.
        ToolHelper.runR8(
            builder.build(),
            options -> {
              if (disableInlining) {
                options.inlineAccessors = false;
              }
            });
        break;
      }
      default:
        assert false : compilerUnderTest;
    }
  }

  private static R8Command.Builder setDefaultArgs(R8Command.Builder builder) {
    return builder.setMinification(false);
  }

  private static boolean isAuxClassFile(String fileName, String auxClassFileBase) {
    return fileName.endsWith(".class")
        && (fileName.startsWith(auxClassFileBase + "$")
        || fileName.startsWith(auxClassFileBase + "_"));
  }


  private ArrayList<File> getJctfTestAuxClassFiles(File classFile) {
    // Collect additional files from the same directory with file names like
    // <dir>/<filename_wo_ext>$*.class and <dir>/<filename_wo_ext>_*.class
    String classFileString = classFile.toString();
    assert classFileString.endsWith(".class");

    String auxClassFileBase =
        new File(
            classFileString.substring(0, classFileString.length() - ".class".length()))
            .getName();

    ArrayList<File> auxClassFiles = new ArrayList<>();

    File[] files = classFile.getParentFile()
        .listFiles(
            (File file) -> isAuxClassFile(file.getName(), auxClassFileBase));
    if (files != null) {
      auxClassFiles.addAll(Arrays.asList(files));
    }

    if (auxClassFileBase.matches(".*[A-Z]\\d\\d")) {
      // Also collect all the files in this directory that doesn't match this pattern
      // They will be helper classes defined in one of the test class files but we don't know in
      // which one, so we just add them to all tests.
      final int SUFFIX_LENGTH_TO_STRIP = 3; // one letter (usually 'A' and two digits)
      String testClassFilePattern =
          auxClassFileBase.substring(0, auxClassFileBase.length() - SUFFIX_LENGTH_TO_STRIP)
              + "[A-Z]\\d\\d.*\\.class";
      files = classFile.getParentFile()
          .listFiles(
              (File file) -> file.getName().matches(".*\\.class") && !file.getName()
                  .matches(testClassFilePattern));
      if (files != null) {
        auxClassFiles.addAll(Arrays.asList(files));
      }
    }

    return auxClassFiles;
  }

  private static BiFunction<Outcome, Boolean, TestSpecification> jctfOutcomeToSpecification(
      String name, DexTool dexTool, File resultDir) {
    return (outcome, noInlining) -> new TestSpecification(name, dexTool, resultDir,
        outcome == JctfTestSpecifications.Outcome.TIMEOUTS_WITH_ART
            || outcome == JctfTestSpecifications.Outcome.FLAKY_WITH_ART,
        outcome == JctfTestSpecifications.Outcome.FAILS_WITH_ART,
        noInlining);
  }

  protected void runJctfTest(CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest, String classFilePath,
      String fullClassName)
      throws IOException, ProguardRuleParserException, ExecutionException, CompilationException {

    DexVm dexVm = ToolHelper.getDexVm();

    CompilerUnderTest firstCompilerUnderTest =
        compilerUnderTest == CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8
            ? CompilerUnderTest.D8
            : compilerUnderTest;
    CompilationMode compilationMode = defaultCompilationMode(compilerUnderTest);

    File resultDir = temp.newFolder(firstCompilerUnderTest.toString().toLowerCase() + "-output");

    TestSpecification specification = JctfTestSpecifications.getExpectedOutcome(
        name, firstCompilerUnderTest, dexVm, compilationMode,
        jctfOutcomeToSpecification(name, DexTool.NONE, resultDir));

    if (specification.skipTest) {
      return;
    }

    File classFile = new File(JCTF_TESTS_PREFIX + "/" + classFilePath);
    if (!classFile.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(
          "Class file for Jctf test not found: \"" + classFile.toString() + "\".");
    }

    ArrayList<File> classFiles = new ArrayList<>();
    classFiles.add(classFile);

    // some tests need files from other tests
    int langIndex = fullClassName.indexOf(".java.");
    assert langIndex >= 0;
    List<String> externalClassFiles = jctfTestsExternalClassFiles
        .get(fullClassName.substring(langIndex + ".java.".length()));

    if (externalClassFiles != null) {
      for (String s : externalClassFiles) {
        classFiles.add(new File(JCTF_TESTS_LIB_PREFIX + "/java/" + s));
      }
    }

    ArrayList<File> allClassFiles = new ArrayList<>();

    for (File f : classFiles) {
      allClassFiles.add(f);
      allClassFiles.addAll(getJctfTestAuxClassFiles(f));
    }

    File jctfCommonFile = new File(JCTF_COMMON_JAR);
    if (!jctfCommonFile.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(
          "Jar file of Jctf tests common code not found: \"" + jctfCommonFile.toString() + "\".");
    }

    File junitFile = new File(JUNIT_JAR);
    if (!junitFile.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(
          "Junit Jar not found: \"" + junitFile.toString() + "\".");
    }

    File hamcrestFile = new File(HAMCREST_JAR);
    if (!hamcrestFile.exists()) {
      throw new FileNotFoundException(
          "Hamcrest Jar not found: \"" + hamcrestFile.toString() + "\".");
    }

    // allClassFiles may contain duplicated files, that's why the HashSet
    Set<String> fileNames = new HashSet<>();

    fileNames.addAll(Arrays.asList(
        jctfCommonFile.getCanonicalPath(),
        junitFile.getCanonicalPath(),
        hamcrestFile.getCanonicalPath()
    ));

    for (File f : allClassFiles) {
      fileNames.add(f.getCanonicalPath());
    }

    runJctfTestDoRunOnArt(
        fileNames,
        specification,
        firstCompilerUnderTest,
        fullClassName,
        compilationMode,
        dexVm,
        resultDir);

    // second pass if D8_R8Debug
    if (compilerUnderTest == CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8) {
      List<String> d8OutputFileNames =
          Files.list(resultDir.toPath())
              .filter(FileUtils::isDexFile)
              .map(Path::toString)
              .collect(Collectors.toList());
      File r8ResultDir = temp.newFolder("r8-output");
      compilationMode = CompilationMode.DEBUG;
      specification = JctfTestSpecifications.getExpectedOutcome(
          name, CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8, dexVm, compilationMode,
          jctfOutcomeToSpecification(name, DexTool.DX, r8ResultDir));
      if (specification.skipTest) {
        return;
      }
      runJctfTestDoRunOnArt(
          d8OutputFileNames,
          specification,
          CompilerUnderTest.R8,
          fullClassName,
          compilationMode,
          dexVm,
          r8ResultDir);
    }
  }

  private void runJctfTestDoRunOnArt(
      Collection<String> fileNames,
      TestSpecification specification,
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest,
      String fullClassName,
      CompilationMode mode,
      DexVm dexVm,
      File resultDir)
      throws IOException, ProguardRuleParserException, ExecutionException, CompilationException {
    executeCompilerUnderTest(compilerUnderTest, fileNames, resultDir.getAbsolutePath(), mode,
        specification.disableInlining);

    if (!ToolHelper.artSupported()) {
      return;
    }

    File processedFile;

    // Collect the generated dex files.
    File[] outputFiles =
        resultDir.listFiles((File file) -> file.getName().endsWith(".dex"));
    if (outputFiles.length == 1) {
      // Just run Art on classes.dex.
      processedFile = outputFiles[0];
    } else {
      // Run Art on JAR file with multiple dex files.
      processedFile
          = temp.getRoot().toPath().resolve(specification.name + ".jar").toFile();
      JarBuilder.buildJar(outputFiles, processedFile);
    }

    boolean compileOnly = System.getProperty("jctf_compile_only", "0").equals("1");
    if (compileOnly || specification.skipArt) {
      // verify dex code instead of running it
      Path oatFile = temp.getRoot().toPath().resolve("all.oat");
      ToolHelper.runDex2Oat(processedFile.toPath(), oatFile);
      return;
    }

    ArtCommandBuilder builder = buildArtCommand(processedFile, specification, dexVm);
    if (ToolHelper.getDexVm() != DexVm.ART_4_4_4_HOST) {
      builder.appendArtOption("-Ximage:/system/non/existent/image.art");
    }
    for (String s : ToolHelper.getBootLibs()) {
      builder.appendBootClassPath(new File(s).getCanonicalPath());
    }
    builder.setMainClass(JUNIT_TEST_RUNNER);
    builder.appendProgramArgument(fullClassName);

    if (specification.failsWithArt) {
      thrown.expect(AssertionError.class);
    }

    try {
      ToolHelper.runArt(builder);
    } catch (AssertionError e) {
      addDexInformationToVerificationError(fileNames, processedFile,
          specification.resolveFile("classes.dex"), e);
      throw e;
    }
    if (specification.failsWithArt) {
      System.err.println("Should have failed run with art");
      return;
    }
  }

  protected void runArtTest(DexVm version, CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest)
      throws Throwable {
    CompilerUnderTest firstCompilerUnderTest =
        compilerUnderTest == CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8
            ? CompilerUnderTest.D8
            : compilerUnderTest;

    CompilationMode compilationMode = defaultCompilationMode(compilerUnderTest);

    TestSpecification specification =
        getTestsMap(firstCompilerUnderTest, compilationMode, version.getVersion())
            .get(new SpecificationKey(name, toolchain));

    if (specification == null) {
      if (version.getVersion() == DexVm.Version.DEFAULT) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Test " + name + " has no specification for toolchain"
            + toolchain + ".");
      } else {
        // For older VMs the test might not exist, as the tests are currently generates from the
        // directories present in the art test directory for AOSP master.
        return;
      }
    }

    if (specification.skipTest) {
      return;
    }

    if (specification.nativeLibrary != null && ToolHelper.getDexVm().getKind() == Kind.TARGET) {
      // JNI tests not yet supported for devices
      return;
    }

    File[] inputFiles;
    if (toolchain == DexTool.NONE) {
      inputFiles = addFileTree(new File[0], new File(specification.directory, "classes"));
      inputFiles = addFileTree(inputFiles, new File(specification.directory, "jasmin_classes"));
      File smali = new File(specification.directory, "smali");
      if (smali.exists()) {
        File smaliDex = new File(smali, "out.dex");
        assert smaliDex.exists();
        inputFiles = ObjectArrays.concat(inputFiles, smaliDex);
      }
      inputFiles = addFileTree(inputFiles, new File(specification.directory, "classes2"));
      inputFiles = addFileTree(inputFiles, new File(specification.directory, "jasmin_classes2"));
    } else {
      inputFiles =
          specification.directory.listFiles((File file) ->
              file.getName().endsWith(".dex") && !file.getName().startsWith("jasmin"));
    }
    List<String> fileNames = new ArrayList<>();
    for (File file : inputFiles) {
      fileNames.add(file.getCanonicalPath());
    }

    File resultDir = temp.newFolder(firstCompilerUnderTest.toString().toLowerCase() + "-output");

    runArtTestDoRunOnArt(
        version, firstCompilerUnderTest, specification, fileNames, resultDir, compilationMode);

    if (compilerUnderTest == CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8) {
      compilationMode = CompilationMode.DEBUG;
      specification =
          getTestsMap(CompilerUnderTest.R8_AFTER_D8, compilationMode, version.getVersion())
              .get(new SpecificationKey(name, DexTool.DX));

      if (specification == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Test " + name + " has no specification for toolchain" + toolchain + ".");
      }

      if (specification.skipTest) {
        return;
      }

      fileNames.clear();
      for (File file : resultDir.listFiles((File file) -> file.getName().endsWith(".dex"))) {
        fileNames.add(file.getCanonicalPath());
      }

      resultDir = temp.newFolder("r8-output");

      runArtTestDoRunOnArt(
          version, CompilerUnderTest.R8, specification, fileNames, resultDir, compilationMode);
    }
  }

  private File[] addFileTree(File[] files, File directory) {
    if (!directory.exists()) {
      return files;
    }
    return ObjectArrays.concat(
        files,
        com.google.common.io.Files.fileTreeTraverser().breadthFirstTraversal(directory)
            .filter(f -> !f.isDirectory())
            .toArray(File.class),
        File.class);
  }

  private void runArtTestDoRunOnArt(
      DexVm version,
      CompilerUnderTest compilerUnderTest,
      TestSpecification specification,
      List<String> fileNames,
      File resultDir,
      CompilationMode compilationMode)
      throws Throwable {
    if (specification.expectedToFailWithX8) {
      thrown.expect(CompilationError.class);
      try {
        executeCompilerUnderTest(
            compilerUnderTest, fileNames, resultDir.getCanonicalPath(), compilationMode,
            specification.disableInlining);
      } catch (CompilationException e) {
        throw new CompilationError(e.getMessage(), e);
      } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        throw e.getCause();
      }
      System.err.println("Should have failed R8/D8 compilation with a CompilationError.");
      return;
    } else if (specification.failsWithX8) {
      thrown.expect(Throwable.class);
      executeCompilerUnderTest(
          compilerUnderTest, fileNames, resultDir.getCanonicalPath(), compilationMode,
          specification.disableInlining);
      System.err.println("Should have failed R8/D8 compilation with an exception.");
      return;
    } else {
      executeCompilerUnderTest(
          compilerUnderTest, fileNames, resultDir.getCanonicalPath(), compilationMode,
          specification.disableInlining);
    }

    if (!specification.skipArt && ToolHelper.artSupported()) {
      File originalFile;
      File processedFile;

      // Collect the generated dex files.
      File[] outputFiles =
          resultDir.listFiles((File file) -> file.getName().endsWith(".dex"));
      if (outputFiles.length == 1) {
        // Just run Art on classes.dex.
        processedFile = outputFiles[0];
      } else {
        // Run Art on JAR file with multiple dex files.
        processedFile
            = temp.getRoot().toPath().resolve(specification.name + ".jar").toFile();
        JarBuilder.buildJar(outputFiles, processedFile);
      }

      File expectedFile = specification.resolveFile("expected.txt");
      String expected =
          com.google.common.io.Files.asCharSource(expectedFile, Charsets.UTF_8).read();
      if (specification.failsWithArt) {
        thrown.expect(AssertionError.class);
      }

      ArtCommandBuilder builder = buildArtCommand(processedFile, specification, version);
      String output;
      try {
        output = ToolHelper.runArt(builder);
      } catch (AssertionError e) {
        addDexInformationToVerificationError(fileNames, processedFile,
            specification.resolveFile("classes.dex"), e);
        throw e;
      }
      if (specification.failsWithArt) {
        System.err.println("Should have failed run with art");
        return;
      }

      File checkCommand = specification.resolveFile("check");
      if (checkCommand.exists() && !ToolHelper.isWindows()) {
        // Run the Art test custom check command.
        File actualFile = temp.newFile();
        com.google.common.io.Files.asByteSink(actualFile).write(output.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();
        processBuilder.command(
            specification.resolveFile("check").toString(), expectedFile.toString(),
            actualFile.toString());
        ProcessResult result = ToolHelper.runProcess(processBuilder);
        if (result.exitCode != 0 && !specification.failsWithArtOutput) {
          System.err.println("ERROR: check script failed. Building comparison of dex files");
          failWithDexDiff(specification.resolveFile("classes.dex"), processedFile);
        }
      } else {
        if (!expected.equals(output)) {
          // The expected.txt in the Android repository might not match what our version of Art
          // produces.
          originalFile = specification.resolveFile(specification.name + ".jar");
          if (specification.failsWithArtOriginalOnly) {
            thrown.expect(AssertionError.class);
          }
          builder = buildArtCommand(originalFile, specification, version);
          expected = ToolHelper.runArt(builder);
          if (specification.failsWithArtOriginalOnly) {
            System.err.println("Original file should have failed run with art");
            return;
          }
        }
        if (specification.failsWithArtOutput) {
          thrown.expect(ComparisonFailure.class);
        }
        if (!specification.outputMayDiffer) {
          assertEquals(expected, output);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private void failWithDexDiff(File originalFile, File processedFile)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException {
    DexInspector inspectOriginal =
        new DexInspector(originalFile.toPath().toAbsolutePath());
    DexInspector inspectProcessed =
        new DexInspector(processedFile.toPath().toAbsolutePath());
    StringBuilder builderOriginal = new StringBuilder();
    StringBuilder builderProcessed = new StringBuilder();
    inspectOriginal.forAllClasses((clazz) -> builderOriginal.append(clazz.dumpMethods()));
    inspectProcessed.forAllClasses((clazz) -> builderProcessed.append(clazz.dumpMethods()));
    assertEquals(builderOriginal.toString(), builderProcessed.toString());
    fail();
  }

  private void addDexInformationToVerificationError(
      Collection<String> inputFiles, File processedFile, File referenceFile,
      AssertionError verificationError) {
    List<ComparisonFailure> errors;
    try {
      // Parse all the verification errors.
      DexInspector processed = new DexInspector(processedFile.toPath());
      DexInspector original = DEX_COMPARE_WITH_DEX_REFERENCE_ON_FAILURE
          ? new DexInspector(referenceFile.toPath())
          : new DexInspector(inputFiles.stream().map(Paths::get).collect(Collectors.toList()));
      List<ArtErrorInfo> errorInfo = ArtErrorParser.parse(verificationError.getMessage());
      errors = ListUtils.map(errorInfo, (error) ->
          new ComparisonFailure(
              error.getMessage(),
              "ORIGINAL\n" + error.dump(original, false) + "\nEND ORIGINAL",
              "PROCESSED\n" + error.dump(processed, true) + "\nEND PROCESSED"));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      System.err.println("Failed to add extra dex information to the verification error:");
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw verificationError;
    }

    // If we failed to annotate anything, rethrow the original exception.
    if (errors.isEmpty()) {
      throw verificationError;
    }

    // Otherwise, we print each error and throw the last one, since Intellij only supports nice
    // comparison-diff if thrown and we can only throw one :-(
    System.err.println(verificationError.getMessage());
    for (ComparisonFailure error : errors.subList(0, errors.size() - 1)) {
      System.err.println(error.toString());
    }
    throw errors.get(errors.size() - 1);
  }
}