diff --git a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelOutlineInstanceOfTest.java b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelOutlineInstanceOfTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad6b725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelOutlineInstanceOfTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package com.android.tools.r8.apimodel;
+
+import static com.android.tools.r8.apimodel.ApiModelingTestHelper.setMockApiLevelForClass;
+import static com.android.tools.r8.apimodel.ApiModelingTestHelper.setMockApiLevelForMethod;
+import static com.android.tools.r8.apimodel.ApiModelingTestHelper.verifyThat;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import com.android.tools.r8.CompilationMode;
+import com.android.tools.r8.SingleTestRunResult;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestBase;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestCompilerBuilder;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestParameters;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestParametersCollection;
+import com.android.tools.r8.testing.AndroidBuildVersion;
+import com.android.tools.r8.utils.AndroidApiLevel;
+import com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeInspector;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public class ApiModelOutlineInstanceOfTest extends TestBase {
+
+  private static final AndroidApiLevel classApiLevel = AndroidApiLevel.M;
+
+  private static final String[] EXPECTED = new String[] {"true"};
+
+  @Parameter public TestParameters parameters;
+
+  @Parameters(name = "{0}")
+  public static TestParametersCollection data() {
+    return getTestParameters().withAllRuntimes().withAllApiLevelsAlsoForCf().build();
+  }
+
+  private void setupTestBuilder(TestCompilerBuilder<?, ?, ?, ?, ?> testBuilder) throws Exception {
+    testBuilder
+        .addLibraryClasses(LibraryClass.class, LibraryProvider.class)
+        .addDefaultRuntimeLibrary(parameters)
+        .addProgramClasses(Main.class)
+        .setMinApi(parameters.getApiLevel())
+        .addAndroidBuildVersion(getApiLevelForRuntime())
+        .apply(setMockApiLevelForClass(LibraryProvider.class, AndroidApiLevel.B))
+        .apply(
+            setMockApiLevelForMethod(
+                LibraryProvider.class.getDeclaredMethod("getObject", boolean.class),
+                AndroidApiLevel.B))
+        .apply(setMockApiLevelForClass(LibraryClass.class, classApiLevel))
+        .apply(ApiModelingTestHelper::enableApiCallerIdentification)
+        .apply(ApiModelingTestHelper::enableOutliningOfMethods)
+        .apply(ApiModelingTestHelper::enableStubbingOfClasses);
+  }
+
+  public AndroidApiLevel getApiLevelForRuntime() {
+    return parameters.isCfRuntime()
+        ? AndroidApiLevel.B
+        : parameters.getRuntime().asDex().maxSupportedApiLevel();
+  }
+
+  public boolean addToBootClasspath() {
+    return getApiLevelForRuntime().isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(classApiLevel);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReference() throws Exception {
+    assumeTrue(parameters.isCfRuntime() && parameters.getApiLevel().isEqualTo(AndroidApiLevel.B));
+    testForJvm()
+        .addProgramClasses(Main.class)
+        .addAndroidBuildVersion(parameters.getApiLevel())
+        .addLibraryClasses(LibraryProvider.class)
+        .run(parameters.getRuntime(), Main.class)
+        .apply(this::checkOutput);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testD8Debug() throws Exception {
+    assumeTrue(parameters.isDexRuntime());
+    testForD8()
+        .setMode(CompilationMode.DEBUG)
+        .apply(this::setupTestBuilder)
+        .compile()
+        .inspect(this::inspect)
+        .applyIf(
+            addToBootClasspath(),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryClass.class, LibraryProvider.class),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryProvider.class))
+        .run(parameters.getRuntime(), Main.class)
+        .apply(this::checkOutput);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testD8Release() throws Exception {
+    assumeTrue(parameters.isDexRuntime());
+    testForD8()
+        .setMode(CompilationMode.RELEASE)
+        .apply(this::setupTestBuilder)
+        .compile()
+        .inspect(this::inspect)
+        .applyIf(
+            addToBootClasspath(),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryClass.class, LibraryProvider.class),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryProvider.class))
+        .run(parameters.getRuntime(), Main.class)
+        .apply(this::checkOutput);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testR8() throws Exception {
+    testForR8(parameters.getBackend())
+        .apply(this::setupTestBuilder)
+        .addKeepMainRule(Main.class)
+        .compile()
+        .inspect(this::inspect)
+        .applyIf(
+            addToBootClasspath(),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryClass.class, LibraryProvider.class),
+            b -> b.addBootClasspathClasses(LibraryProvider.class))
+        .run(parameters.getRuntime(), Main.class)
+        .apply(this::checkOutput);
+  }
+
+  private void inspect(CodeInspector inspector) throws Exception {
+    verifyThat(inspector, parameters, LibraryClass.class)
+        // TODO(b/258270051): We should outline the call on lower api levels.
+        .hasNotInstanceOfOutlinedFrom(Main.class.getMethod("main", String[].class));
+  }
+
+  private void checkOutput(SingleTestRunResult<?> runResult) {
+    if (addToBootClasspath()) {
+      runResult.assertSuccessWithOutputLines(EXPECTED);
+    } else {
+      runResult.assertSuccessWithOutputLines("Not checking instance of");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Only present from api 23.
+  public static class LibraryClass {}
+
+  public static class LibraryProvider {
+
+    public static Object getObject(boolean hasApiLevel) {
+      if (hasApiLevel) {
+        return new LibraryClass();
+      } else {
+        return new Object();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class Main {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+      Object object = LibraryProvider.getObject(AndroidBuildVersion.VERSION >= 23);
+      if (AndroidBuildVersion.VERSION >= 23) {
+        System.out.println(object instanceof LibraryClass);
+      } else {
+        System.out.println("Not checking instance of");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelingTestHelper.java b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelingTestHelper.java
index b6925e3..e437943 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelingTestHelper.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/apimodel/ApiModelingTestHelper.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.accessesField;
 import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.containsCheckCast;
+import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.containsInstanceOf;
 import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.invokesMethod;
 import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.invokesMethodWithHolderAndName;
 import static com.android.tools.r8.utils.codeinspector.CodeMatchers.invokesMethodWithName;
@@ -301,6 +302,46 @@
       assertThat(caller, isPresent());
       assertThat(caller, containsCheckCast(classOfInterestReference));
     }
+
+    void hasInstanceOfOutlinedFromUntil(Method method, AndroidApiLevel apiLevel) {
+      if (parameters.isDexRuntime() && parameters.getApiLevel().isLessThan(apiLevel)) {
+        hasInstanceOfOutlinedFrom(method);
+      } else {
+        hasNotInstanceOfOutlinedFrom(method);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public void hasInstanceOfOutlinedFrom(Method method) {
+      // Check that we call is in a synthetic class with an instance of.
+      ClassReference classOfInterestReference = Reference.classFromClass(classOfInterest);
+      List<FoundMethodSubject> outlinedMethod =
+          inspector.allClasses().stream()
+              .filter(
+                  clazz ->
+                      clazz
+                          .getOriginalName()
+                          .startsWith(
+                              SyntheticItemsTestUtils.syntheticApiOutlineClassPrefix(
+                                  method.getDeclaringClass())))
+              .flatMap(clazz -> clazz.allMethods().stream())
+              .filter(
+                  methodSubject ->
+                      methodSubject.isSynthetic()
+                          && containsInstanceOf(classOfInterestReference).matches(methodSubject))
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+      assertFalse(outlinedMethod.isEmpty());
+      // Assert that method invokes the outline
+      MethodSubject caller = inspector.method(method);
+      assertThat(caller, isPresent());
+      assertThat(caller, invokesMethod(outlinedMethod.get(0)));
+    }
+
+    public void hasNotInstanceOfOutlinedFrom(Method method) {
+      ClassReference classOfInterestReference = Reference.classFromClass(classOfInterest);
+      MethodSubject caller = inspector.method(method);
+      assertThat(caller, isPresent());
+      assertThat(caller, containsInstanceOf(classOfInterestReference));
+    }
   }
 
   public static class ApiModelingFieldVerificationHelper {
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/utils/codeinspector/CodeMatchers.java b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/utils/codeinspector/CodeMatchers.java
index e12dfec..70e7eab 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/utils/codeinspector/CodeMatchers.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/utils/codeinspector/CodeMatchers.java
@@ -97,6 +97,31 @@
     };
   }
 
+  public static Matcher<MethodSubject> containsInstanceOf(ClassReference classReference) {
+    return new TypeSafeMatcher<MethodSubject>() {
+      @Override
+      protected boolean matchesSafely(MethodSubject subject) {
+        return subject.isPresent()
+            && subject.getMethod().hasCode()
+            && subject
+                .streamInstructions()
+                .anyMatch(
+                    instructionSubject ->
+                        instructionSubject.isInstanceOf(classReference.getTypeName()));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeTo(Description description) {
+        description.appendText("contains instanceof");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeMismatchSafely(final MethodSubject subject, Description description) {
+        description.appendText("method did not");
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
   public static Matcher<MethodSubject> instantiatesClass(Class<?> clazz) {
     return instantiatesClass(clazz.getTypeName());
   }