// Copyright (c) 2016, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package com.android.tools.r8.shaking;

import static com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexProgramClass.asProgramClassOrNull;

import com.android.tools.r8.dex.Constants;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.Unreachable;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.AppInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.AppInfoWithClassHierarchy;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.AppView;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.BottomUpClassHierarchyTraversal;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexAnnotation;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexAnnotationSet;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexApplication;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexClass;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDefinition;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDefinitionSupplier;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexEncodedField;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexEncodedMember;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexEncodedMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexField;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexLibraryClass;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexMember;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexProgramClass;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexReference;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexType;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DirectMappedDexApplication;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.ProgramMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.ResolutionResult.SingleResolutionResult;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.SubtypingInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.proto.GeneratedMessageLiteBuilderShrinker;
import com.android.tools.r8.logging.Log;
import com.android.tools.r8.shaking.AnnotationMatchResult.AnnotationsIgnoredMatchResult;
import com.android.tools.r8.shaking.AnnotationMatchResult.ConcreteAnnotationMatchResult;
import com.android.tools.r8.shaking.DelayedRootSetActionItem.InterfaceMethodSyntheticBridgeAction;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ArrayUtils;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.Consumer3;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.InternalOptions;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.MethodSignatureEquivalence;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.PredicateSet;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.StringDiagnostic;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ThreadUtils;
import com.google.common.base.Equivalence.Wrapper;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.collect.Streams;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class RootSetBuilder {

  private final AppView<? extends AppInfoWithClassHierarchy> appView;
  private final SubtypingInfo subtypingInfo;
  private final DirectMappedDexApplication application;
  private final Iterable<? extends ProguardConfigurationRule> rules;
  private final Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> noShrinking = new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Set<DexReference> noObfuscation = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final LinkedHashMap<DexReference, DexReference> reasonAsked = new LinkedHashMap<>();
  private final LinkedHashMap<DexReference, DexReference> checkDiscarded = new LinkedHashMap<>();
  private final Set<DexMethod> alwaysInline = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> forceInline = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> neverInline = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> bypassClinitforInlining = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> whyAreYouNotInlining = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> keepParametersWithConstantValue = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> keepUnusedArguments = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> reprocess = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexMethod> neverReprocess = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final PredicateSet<DexType> alwaysClassInline = new PredicateSet<>();
  private final Set<DexType> neverClassInline = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexType> neverMerge = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Set<DexReference> neverPropagateValue = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>>
      dependentNoShrinking = new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexType, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> dependentKeepClassCompatRule =
      new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> mayHaveSideEffects = new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> noSideEffects = new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> assumedValues = new IdentityHashMap<>();
  private final Set<DexReference> identifierNameStrings = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
  private final Queue<DelayedRootSetActionItem> delayedRootSetActionItems =
      new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
  private final InternalOptions options;

  private final DexStringCache dexStringCache = new DexStringCache();
  private final Set<ProguardIfRule> ifRules = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();

  public RootSetBuilder(
      AppView<? extends AppInfoWithClassHierarchy> appView,
      SubtypingInfo subtypingInfo,
      Iterable<? extends ProguardConfigurationRule> rules) {
    this.appView = appView;
    this.subtypingInfo = subtypingInfo;
    this.application = appView.appInfo().app().asDirect();
    this.rules = rules;
    this.options = appView.options();
  }

  public RootSetBuilder(
      AppView<? extends AppInfoWithClassHierarchy> appView, SubtypingInfo subtypingInfo) {
    this(appView, subtypingInfo, null);
  }

  void handleMatchedAnnotation(AnnotationMatchResult annotation) {
    // Intentionally empty.
  }

  // Process a class with the keep rule.
  private void process(
      DexClass clazz,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    if (!satisfyClassType(rule, clazz)) {
      return;
    }
    if (!satisfyAccessFlag(rule, clazz)) {
      return;
    }
    AnnotationMatchResult annotationMatchResult = satisfyAnnotation(rule, clazz);
    if (annotationMatchResult == null) {
      return;
    }
    handleMatchedAnnotation(annotationMatchResult);
    // In principle it should make a difference whether the user specified in a class
    // spec that a class either extends or implements another type. However, proguard
    // seems not to care, so users have started to use this inconsistently. We are thus
    // inconsistent, as well, but tell them.
    // TODO(herhut): One day make this do what it says.
    if (rule.hasInheritanceClassName() && !satisfyInheritanceRule(clazz, rule)) {
      return;
    }

    if (!rule.getClassNames().matches(clazz.type)) {
      return;
    }

    Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules = rule.getMemberRules();
    Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier;
    if (rule instanceof ProguardKeepRule) {
      if (clazz.isNotProgramClass()) {
        return;
      }
      switch (((ProguardKeepRule) rule).getType()) {
        case KEEP_CLASS_MEMBERS:
          // Members mentioned at -keepclassmembers always depend on their holder.
          preconditionSupplier = ImmutableMap.of(definition -> true, clazz);
          markMatchingVisibleMethods(
              clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, false, ifRule);
          markMatchingVisibleFields(
              clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, false, ifRule);
          break;
        case KEEP_CLASSES_WITH_MEMBERS:
          if (!allRulesSatisfied(memberKeepRules, clazz)) {
            break;
          }
          // fall through;
        case KEEP:
          markClass(clazz, rule, ifRule);
          preconditionSupplier = new HashMap<>();
          if (ifRule != null) {
            // Static members in -keep are pinned no matter what.
            preconditionSupplier.put(DexDefinition::isStaticMember, null);
            // Instance members may need to be kept even though the holder is not instantiated.
            preconditionSupplier.put(definition -> !definition.isStaticMember(), clazz);
          } else {
            // Members mentioned at -keep should always be pinned as long as that -keep rule is
            // not triggered conditionally.
            preconditionSupplier.put((definition -> true), null);
          }
          markMatchingVisibleMethods(
              clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, false, ifRule);
          markMatchingVisibleFields(
              clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, false, ifRule);
          break;
        case CONDITIONAL:
          throw new Unreachable("-if rule will be evaluated separately, not here.");
      }
      return;
    }
    // Only the ordinary keep rules are supported in a conditional rule.
    assert ifRule == null;
    if (rule instanceof ProguardIfRule) {
      throw new Unreachable("-if rule will be evaluated separately, not here.");
    } else if (rule instanceof ProguardCheckDiscardRule) {
      if (memberKeepRules.isEmpty()) {
        markClass(clazz, rule, ifRule);
      } else {
        preconditionSupplier = ImmutableMap.of((definition -> true), clazz);
        markMatchingVisibleMethods(
            clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, true, ifRule);
        markMatchingVisibleFields(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, true, ifRule);
      }
    } else if (rule instanceof ProguardWhyAreYouKeepingRule) {
      markClass(clazz, rule, ifRule);
      markMatchingVisibleMethods(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
      markMatchingVisibleFields(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
    } else if (rule instanceof ProguardAssumeMayHaveSideEffectsRule
        || rule instanceof ProguardAssumeNoSideEffectRule
        || rule instanceof ProguardAssumeValuesRule) {
      markMatchingVisibleMethods(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
      markMatchingOverriddenMethods(
          appView.appInfo(), clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
      markMatchingVisibleFields(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
    } else if (rule instanceof InlineRule
        || rule instanceof ConstantArgumentRule
        || rule instanceof UnusedArgumentRule
        || rule instanceof ReprocessMethodRule
        || rule instanceof WhyAreYouNotInliningRule) {
      markMatchingMethods(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, ifRule);
    } else if (rule instanceof ClassInlineRule
        || rule instanceof ClassMergingRule
        || rule instanceof ReprocessClassInitializerRule) {
      if (allRulesSatisfied(memberKeepRules, clazz)) {
        markClass(clazz, rule, ifRule);
      }
    } else if (rule instanceof MemberValuePropagationRule) {
      markMatchingVisibleMethods(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
      markMatchingVisibleFields(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, true, ifRule);
    } else {
      assert rule instanceof ProguardIdentifierNameStringRule;
      markMatchingFields(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, ifRule);
      markMatchingMethods(clazz, memberKeepRules, rule, null, ifRule);
    }
  }

  void runPerRule(
      ExecutorService executorService,
      List<Future<?>> futures,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    List<DexType> specifics = rule.getClassNames().asSpecificDexTypes();
    if (specifics != null) {
      // This keep rule only lists specific type matches.
      // This means there is no need to iterate over all classes.
      for (DexType type : specifics) {
        DexClass clazz = application.definitionFor(type);
        // Ignore keep rule iff it does not reference a class in the app.
        if (clazz != null) {
          process(clazz, rule, ifRule);
        }
      }
      return;
    }

    futures.add(
        executorService.submit(
            () -> {
              for (DexProgramClass clazz :
                  rule.relevantCandidatesForRule(appView, subtypingInfo, application.classes())) {
                process(clazz, rule, ifRule);
              }
              if (rule.applyToNonProgramClasses()) {
                for (DexLibraryClass clazz : application.libraryClasses()) {
                  process(clazz, rule, ifRule);
                }
              }
            }));
  }

  public RootSet run(ExecutorService executorService) throws ExecutionException {
    application.timing.begin("Build root set...");
    try {
      List<Future<?>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
      // Mark all the things explicitly listed in keep rules.
      if (rules != null) {
        for (ProguardConfigurationRule rule : rules) {
          if (rule instanceof ProguardIfRule) {
            ProguardIfRule ifRule = (ProguardIfRule) rule;
            ifRules.add(ifRule);
          } else {
            runPerRule(executorService, futures, rule, null);
          }
        }
        ThreadUtils.awaitFutures(futures);
      }
    } finally {
      application.timing.end();
    }
    if (!noSideEffects.isEmpty() || !assumedValues.isEmpty()) {
      BottomUpClassHierarchyTraversal.forAllClasses(appView, subtypingInfo)
          .visit(appView.appInfo().classes(), this::propagateAssumeRules);
    }
    if (appView.options().protoShrinking().enableGeneratedMessageLiteBuilderShrinking) {
      GeneratedMessageLiteBuilderShrinker.addInliningHeuristicsForBuilderInlining(
          appView,
          subtypingInfo,
          alwaysClassInline,
          neverMerge,
          alwaysInline,
          bypassClinitforInlining);
    }
    assert Sets.intersection(neverInline, alwaysInline).isEmpty()
            && Sets.intersection(neverInline, forceInline).isEmpty()
        : "A method cannot be marked as both -neverinline and -forceinline/-alwaysinline.";
    return new RootSet(
        noShrinking,
        noObfuscation,
        ImmutableList.copyOf(reasonAsked.values()),
        ImmutableList.copyOf(checkDiscarded.values()),
        alwaysInline,
        forceInline,
        neverInline,
        bypassClinitforInlining,
        whyAreYouNotInlining,
        keepParametersWithConstantValue,
        keepUnusedArguments,
        reprocess,
        neverReprocess,
        alwaysClassInline,
        neverClassInline,
        neverMerge,
        neverPropagateValue,
        mayHaveSideEffects,
        noSideEffects,
        assumedValues,
        dependentNoShrinking,
        dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
        identifierNameStrings,
        ifRules,
        Lists.newArrayList(delayedRootSetActionItems));
  }

  private void propagateAssumeRules(DexClass clazz) {
    Set<DexType> subTypes = subtypingInfo.allImmediateSubtypes(clazz.type);
    if (subTypes.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }
    for (DexEncodedMethod encodedMethod : clazz.virtualMethods()) {
      // If the method has a body, it may have side effects. Don't do bottom-up propagation.
      if (encodedMethod.hasCode()) {
        assert !encodedMethod.shouldNotHaveCode();
        continue;
      }
      propagateAssumeRules(clazz.type, encodedMethod.method, subTypes, noSideEffects);
      propagateAssumeRules(clazz.type, encodedMethod.method, subTypes, assumedValues);
    }
  }

  private void propagateAssumeRules(
      DexType type,
      DexMethod reference,
      Set<DexType> subTypes,
      Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> assumeRulePool) {
    ProguardMemberRule ruleToBePropagated = null;
    for (DexType subType : subTypes) {
      DexMethod referenceInSubType =
          appView.dexItemFactory().createMethod(subType, reference.proto, reference.name);
      // Those rules are bound to definitions, not references. If the current subtype does not
      // override the method, and when the retrieval of bound rule fails, it is unclear whether it
      // is due to the lack of the definition or it indeed means no matching rules. Similar to how
      // we apply those assume rules, here we use a resolved target.
      DexEncodedMethod target =
          appView.appInfo().unsafeResolveMethodDueToDexFormat(referenceInSubType).getSingleTarget();
      // But, the resolution should not be landed on the current type we are visiting.
      if (target == null || target.holder() == type) {
        continue;
      }
      ProguardMemberRule ruleInSubType = assumeRulePool.get(target.method);
      // We are looking for the greatest lower bound of assume rules from all sub types.
      // If any subtype doesn't have a matching assume rule, the lower bound is literally nothing.
      if (ruleInSubType == null) {
        ruleToBePropagated = null;
        break;
      }
      if (ruleToBePropagated == null) {
        ruleToBePropagated = ruleInSubType;
      } else {
        // TODO(b/133208961): Introduce comparison/meet of assume rules.
        if (!ruleToBePropagated.equals(ruleInSubType)) {
          ruleToBePropagated = null;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (ruleToBePropagated != null) {
      assumeRulePool.put(reference, ruleToBePropagated);
    }
  }

  ConsequentRootSet buildConsequentRootSet() {
    return new ConsequentRootSet(
        neverInline,
        neverClassInline,
        noShrinking,
        noObfuscation,
        dependentNoShrinking,
        dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
        Lists.newArrayList(delayedRootSetActionItems));
  }

  private static DexDefinition testAndGetPrecondition(
      DexDefinition definition, Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier) {
    if (preconditionSupplier == null) {
      return null;
    }
    DexDefinition precondition = null;
    boolean conditionEverMatched = false;
    for (Entry<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> entry : preconditionSupplier.entrySet()) {
      if (entry.getKey().test(definition)) {
        precondition = entry.getValue();
        conditionEverMatched = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    // If precondition-supplier is given, there should be at least one predicate that holds.
    // Actually, there should be only one predicate as we break the loop when it is found.
    assert conditionEverMatched;
    return precondition;
  }

  private void markMatchingVisibleMethods(
      DexClass clazz,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
      boolean includeLibraryClasses,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    Set<Wrapper<DexMethod>> methodsMarked =
        options.forceProguardCompatibility ? null : new HashSet<>();
    Stack<DexClass> worklist = new Stack<>();
    worklist.add(clazz);
    while (!worklist.isEmpty()) {
      DexClass currentClass = worklist.pop();
      if (!includeLibraryClasses && currentClass.isNotProgramClass()) {
        break;
      }
      // In compat mode traverse all direct methods in the hierarchy.
      if (currentClass == clazz || options.forceProguardCompatibility) {
        currentClass
            .directMethods()
            .forEach(
                method -> {
                  DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(method, preconditionSupplier);
                  markMethod(method, memberKeepRules, methodsMarked, rule, precondition, ifRule);
                });
      }
      currentClass
          .virtualMethods()
          .forEach(
              method -> {
                DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(method, preconditionSupplier);
                markMethod(method, memberKeepRules, methodsMarked, rule, precondition, ifRule);
              });
      if (currentClass.superType != null) {
        DexClass dexClass = application.definitionFor(currentClass.superType);
        if (dexClass != null) {
          worklist.add(dexClass);
        }
      }
    }
    // TODO(b/143643942): Generalize the below approach to also work for subtyping hierarchies in
    //  fullmode.
    if (clazz.isProgramClass()
        && rule.isProguardKeepRule()
        && !rule.asProguardKeepRule().getModifiers().allowsShrinking) {
      new SynthesizeMissingInterfaceMethodsForMemberRules(
              clazz.asProgramClass(), memberKeepRules, rule, preconditionSupplier, ifRule)
          .run();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Utility class for visiting all super interfaces to ensure we keep method definitions specified
   * by proguard rules. If possible, we generate a forwarding bridge to the resolved target. If not,
   * we specifically synthesize a keep rule for the interface method.
   */
  private class SynthesizeMissingInterfaceMethodsForMemberRules {
    private final DexProgramClass originalClazz;
    private final Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules;
    private final ProguardConfigurationRule context;
    private final Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier;
    private final ProguardIfRule ifRule;
    private final Set<Wrapper<DexMethod>> seenMethods = Sets.newHashSet();
    private final Set<DexType> seenTypes = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();

    private SynthesizeMissingInterfaceMethodsForMemberRules(
        DexProgramClass originalClazz,
        Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
        ProguardConfigurationRule context,
        Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
        ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
      assert context.isProguardKeepRule();
      assert !context.asProguardKeepRule().getModifiers().allowsShrinking;
      this.originalClazz = originalClazz;
      this.memberKeepRules = memberKeepRules;
      this.context = context;
      this.preconditionSupplier = preconditionSupplier;
      this.ifRule = ifRule;
    }

    void handleMatchedAnnotation(AnnotationMatchResult annotationMatchResult) {
      // Intentionally empty.
    }

    void run() {
      visitAllSuperInterfaces(originalClazz.type);
    }

    private void visitAllSuperInterfaces(DexType type) {
      DexClass clazz = appView.definitionFor(type);
      if (clazz == null || clazz.isNotProgramClass() || !seenTypes.add(type)) {
        return;
      }
      for (DexType iface : clazz.interfaces.values) {
        visitAllSuperInterfaces(iface);
      }
      if (!clazz.isInterface()) {
        visitAllSuperInterfaces(clazz.superType);
        return;
      }
      if (originalClazz == clazz) {
        return;
      }
      for (DexEncodedMethod method : clazz.virtualMethods()) {
        // Check if we already added this.
        Wrapper<DexMethod> wrapped = MethodSignatureEquivalence.get().wrap(method.method);
        if (!seenMethods.add(wrapped)) {
          continue;
        }
        for (ProguardMemberRule rule : memberKeepRules) {
          if (rule.matches(method, appView, this::handleMatchedAnnotation, dexStringCache)) {
            tryAndKeepMethodOnClass(method, rule);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    private void tryAndKeepMethodOnClass(DexEncodedMethod method, ProguardMemberRule rule) {
      SingleResolutionResult resolutionResult =
          appView.appInfo().resolveMethodOn(originalClazz, method.method).asSingleResolution();
      if (resolutionResult == null || !resolutionResult.isVirtualTarget()) {
        return;
      }
      if (resolutionResult.getResolvedHolder() == originalClazz
          || resolutionResult.getResolvedHolder().isNotProgramClass()) {
        return;
      }
      if (!resolutionResult.getResolvedHolder().isInterface()) {
        // TODO(b/143643942): For fullmode, this check should probably be removed.
        return;
      }
      ProgramMethod resolutionMethod =
          new ProgramMethod(
              resolutionResult.getResolvedHolder().asProgramClass(),
              resolutionResult.getResolvedMethod());
      ProgramMethod methodToKeep =
          canInsertForwardingMethod(originalClazz, resolutionMethod.getDefinition())
              ? new ProgramMethod(
                  originalClazz,
                  resolutionMethod.getDefinition().toForwardingMethod(originalClazz, appView))
              : resolutionMethod;

      delayedRootSetActionItems.add(
          new InterfaceMethodSyntheticBridgeAction(
              methodToKeep,
              resolutionMethod,
              (rootSetBuilder) -> {
                if (Log.ENABLED) {
                  Log.verbose(
                      getClass(),
                      "Marking method `%s` due to `%s { %s }`.",
                      methodToKeep,
                      context,
                      rule);
                }
                DexDefinition precondition =
                    testAndGetPrecondition(methodToKeep.getDefinition(), preconditionSupplier);
                rootSetBuilder.addItemToSets(
                    methodToKeep.getDefinition(), context, rule, precondition, ifRule);
              }));
    }
  }

  private boolean canInsertForwardingMethod(DexClass holder, DexEncodedMethod target) {
    return appView.options().isGeneratingDex()
        || ArrayUtils.contains(holder.interfaces.values, target.holder());
  }

  private void markMatchingOverriddenMethods(
      AppInfoWithClassHierarchy appInfoWithSubtyping,
      DexClass clazz,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
      boolean onlyIncludeProgramClasses,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    Set<DexType> visited = new HashSet<>();
    Deque<DexType> worklist = new ArrayDeque<>();
    // Intentionally skip the current `clazz`, assuming it's covered by markMatchingVisibleMethods.
    worklist.addAll(subtypingInfo.allImmediateSubtypes(clazz.type));

    while (!worklist.isEmpty()) {
      DexType currentType = worklist.poll();
      if (!visited.add(currentType)) {
        continue;
      }
      DexClass currentClazz = appView.definitionFor(currentType);
      if (currentClazz == null) {
        continue;
      }
      if (!onlyIncludeProgramClasses && currentClazz.isNotProgramClass()) {
        continue;
      }
      currentClazz
          .virtualMethods()
          .forEach(
              method -> {
                DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(method, preconditionSupplier);
                markMethod(method, memberKeepRules, null, rule, precondition, ifRule);
              });
      worklist.addAll(subtypingInfo.allImmediateSubtypes(currentClazz.type));
    }
  }

  private void markMatchingMethods(
      DexClass clazz,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    clazz.forEachMethod(
        method -> {
          DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(method, preconditionSupplier);
          markMethod(method, memberKeepRules, null, rule, precondition, ifRule);
        });
  }

  private void markMatchingVisibleFields(
      DexClass clazz,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
      boolean includeLibraryClasses,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    while (clazz != null) {
      if (!includeLibraryClasses && clazz.isNotProgramClass()) {
        return;
      }
      clazz.forEachField(
          field -> {
            DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(field, preconditionSupplier);
            markField(field, memberKeepRules, rule, precondition, ifRule);
          });
      clazz = clazz.superType == null ? null : application.definitionFor(clazz.superType);
    }
  }

  private void markMatchingFields(
      DexClass clazz,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule rule,
      Map<Predicate<DexDefinition>, DexDefinition> preconditionSupplier,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    clazz.forEachField(
        field -> {
          DexDefinition precondition = testAndGetPrecondition(field, preconditionSupplier);
          markField(field, memberKeepRules, rule, precondition, ifRule);
        });
  }

  // TODO(b/67934426): Test this code.
  public static void writeSeeds(
      AppInfoWithLiveness appInfo, PrintStream out, Predicate<DexType> include) {
    for (DexReference seed : appInfo.getPinnedItems()) {
      if (seed.isDexType()) {
        if (include.test(seed.asDexType())) {
          out.println(seed.toSourceString());
        }
      } else if (seed.isDexField()) {
        DexField field = seed.asDexField();
        if (include.test(field.holder)) {
          out.println(
              field.holder.toSourceString()
                  + ": "
                  + field.type.toSourceString()
                  + " "
                  + field.name.toSourceString());
        }
      } else {
        assert seed.isDexMethod();
        DexMethod method = seed.asDexMethod();
        if (!include.test(method.holder)) {
          continue;
        }
        out.print(method.holder.toSourceString() + ": ");
        DexEncodedMethod encodedMethod = appInfo.definitionFor(method);
        if (encodedMethod.accessFlags.isConstructor()) {
          if (encodedMethod.accessFlags.isStatic()) {
            out.print(Constants.CLASS_INITIALIZER_NAME);
          } else {
            String holderName = method.holder.toSourceString();
            String constrName = holderName.substring(holderName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
            out.print(constrName);
          }
        } else {
          out.print(
              method.proto.returnType.toSourceString() + " " + method.name.toSourceString());
        }
        boolean first = true;
        out.print("(");
        for (DexType param : method.proto.parameters.values) {
          if (!first) {
            out.print(",");
          }
          first = false;
          out.print(param.toSourceString());
        }
        out.println(")");
      }
    }
    out.close();
  }

  static boolean satisfyClassType(ProguardConfigurationRule rule, DexClass clazz) {
    return rule.getClassType().matches(clazz) != rule.getClassTypeNegated();
  }

  static boolean satisfyAccessFlag(ProguardConfigurationRule rule, DexClass clazz) {
    return rule.getClassAccessFlags().containsAll(clazz.accessFlags)
        && rule.getNegatedClassAccessFlags().containsNone(clazz.accessFlags);
  }

  static AnnotationMatchResult satisfyAnnotation(ProguardConfigurationRule rule, DexClass clazz) {
    return containsAnnotation(rule.getClassAnnotation(), clazz);
  }

  boolean satisfyInheritanceRule(DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule) {
    if (satisfyExtendsRule(clazz, rule)) {
      return true;
    }

    return satisfyImplementsRule(clazz, rule);
  }

  boolean satisfyExtendsRule(DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule) {
    if (anySuperTypeMatchesExtendsRule(clazz.superType, rule)) {
      return true;
    }
    // It is possible that this class used to inherit from another class X, but no longer does it,
    // because X has been merged into `clazz`.
    return anySourceMatchesInheritanceRuleDirectly(clazz, rule, false);
  }

  boolean anySuperTypeMatchesExtendsRule(DexType type, ProguardConfigurationRule rule) {
    while (type != null) {
      DexClass clazz = application.definitionFor(type);
      if (clazz == null) {
        // TODO(herhut): Warn about broken supertype chain?
        return false;
      }
      // TODO(b/110141157): Should the vertical class merger move annotations from the source to
      // the target class? If so, it is sufficient only to apply the annotation-matcher to the
      // annotations of `class`.
      if (rule.getInheritanceClassName().matches(clazz.type, appView)) {
        AnnotationMatchResult annotationMatchResult =
            containsAnnotation(rule.getInheritanceAnnotation(), clazz);
        if (annotationMatchResult != null) {
          handleMatchedAnnotation(annotationMatchResult);
          return true;
        }
      }
      type = clazz.superType;
    }
    return false;
  }

  boolean satisfyImplementsRule(DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule) {
    if (anyImplementedInterfaceMatchesImplementsRule(clazz, rule)) {
      return true;
    }
    // It is possible that this class used to implement an interface I, but no longer does it,
    // because I has been merged into `clazz`.
    return anySourceMatchesInheritanceRuleDirectly(clazz, rule, true);
  }

  private boolean anyImplementedInterfaceMatchesImplementsRule(
      DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule) {
    // TODO(herhut): Maybe it would be better to do this breadth first.
    if (clazz == null) {
      return false;
    }
    for (DexType iface : clazz.interfaces.values) {
      DexClass ifaceClass = application.definitionFor(iface);
      if (ifaceClass == null) {
        // TODO(herhut): Warn about broken supertype chain?
        return false;
      }
      // TODO(b/110141157): Should the vertical class merger move annotations from the source to
      // the target class? If so, it is sufficient only to apply the annotation-matcher to the
      // annotations of `ifaceClass`.
      if (rule.getInheritanceClassName().matches(iface, appView)) {
        AnnotationMatchResult annotationMatchResult =
            containsAnnotation(rule.getInheritanceAnnotation(), ifaceClass);
        if (annotationMatchResult != null) {
          handleMatchedAnnotation(annotationMatchResult);
          return true;
        }
      }
      if (anyImplementedInterfaceMatchesImplementsRule(ifaceClass, rule)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    if (clazz.superType == null) {
      return false;
    }
    DexClass superClass = application.definitionFor(clazz.superType);
    if (superClass == null) {
      // TODO(herhut): Warn about broken supertype chain?
      return false;
    }
    return anyImplementedInterfaceMatchesImplementsRule(superClass, rule);
  }

  private boolean anySourceMatchesInheritanceRuleDirectly(
      DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule, boolean isInterface) {
    // TODO(b/110141157): Figure out what to do with annotations. Should the annotations of
    // the DexClass corresponding to `sourceType` satisfy the `annotation`-matcher?
    return appView.verticallyMergedClasses() != null
        && appView.verticallyMergedClasses().getSourcesFor(clazz.type).stream()
            .filter(
                sourceType ->
                    appView.definitionFor(sourceType).accessFlags.isInterface() == isInterface)
            .anyMatch(rule.getInheritanceClassName()::matches);
  }

  private boolean allRulesSatisfied(Collection<ProguardMemberRule> memberKeepRules,
      DexClass clazz) {
    for (ProguardMemberRule rule : memberKeepRules) {
      if (!ruleSatisfied(rule, clazz)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Checks whether the given rule is satisfied by this clazz, not taking superclasses into
   * account.
   */
  private boolean ruleSatisfied(ProguardMemberRule rule, DexClass clazz) {
    return ruleSatisfiedByMethods(rule, clazz.directMethods())
        || ruleSatisfiedByMethods(rule, clazz.virtualMethods())
        || ruleSatisfiedByFields(rule, clazz.staticFields())
        || ruleSatisfiedByFields(rule, clazz.instanceFields());
  }

  boolean ruleSatisfiedByMethods(ProguardMemberRule rule, Iterable<DexEncodedMethod> methods) {
    if (rule.getRuleType().includesMethods()) {
      for (DexEncodedMethod method : methods) {
        if (rule.matches(method, appView, this::handleMatchedAnnotation, dexStringCache)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  boolean ruleSatisfiedByFields(ProguardMemberRule rule, Iterable<DexEncodedField> fields) {
    if (rule.getRuleType().includesFields()) {
      for (DexEncodedField field : fields) {
        if (rule.matches(field, appView, this::handleMatchedAnnotation, dexStringCache)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  static AnnotationMatchResult containsAnnotation(
      ProguardTypeMatcher classAnnotation, DexClass clazz) {
    return containsAnnotation(classAnnotation, clazz.annotations());
  }

  static <D extends DexEncodedMember<D, R>, R extends DexMember<D, R>> boolean containsAnnotation(
      ProguardTypeMatcher classAnnotation,
      DexEncodedMember<D, R> member,
      Consumer<AnnotationMatchResult> matchedAnnotationsConsumer) {
    AnnotationMatchResult annotationMatchResult =
        containsAnnotation(classAnnotation, member.annotations());
    if (annotationMatchResult != null) {
      matchedAnnotationsConsumer.accept(annotationMatchResult);
      return true;
    }
    if (member.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
      DexEncodedMethod method = member.asDexEncodedMethod();
      for (int i = 0; i < method.parameterAnnotationsList.size(); i++) {
        annotationMatchResult =
            containsAnnotation(classAnnotation, method.parameterAnnotationsList.get(i));
        if (annotationMatchResult != null) {
          matchedAnnotationsConsumer.accept(annotationMatchResult);
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  private static AnnotationMatchResult containsAnnotation(
      ProguardTypeMatcher classAnnotation, DexAnnotationSet annotations) {
    if (classAnnotation == null) {
      return AnnotationsIgnoredMatchResult.getInstance();
    }
    for (DexAnnotation annotation : annotations.annotations) {
      if (classAnnotation.matches(annotation.annotation.type)) {
        return new ConcreteAnnotationMatchResult(annotation);
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  private void markMethod(
      DexEncodedMethod method,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> rules,
      Set<Wrapper<DexMethod>> methodsMarked,
      ProguardConfigurationRule context,
      DexDefinition precondition,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    if (methodsMarked != null
        && methodsMarked.contains(MethodSignatureEquivalence.get().wrap(method.method))) {
      // Ignore, method is overridden in sub class.
      return;
    }
    for (ProguardMemberRule rule : rules) {
      if (rule.matches(method, appView, this::handleMatchedAnnotation, dexStringCache)) {
        if (Log.ENABLED) {
          Log.verbose(getClass(), "Marking method `%s` due to `%s { %s }`.", method, context,
              rule);
        }
        if (methodsMarked != null) {
          methodsMarked.add(MethodSignatureEquivalence.get().wrap(method.method));
        }
        addItemToSets(method, context, rule, precondition, ifRule);
      }
    }
  }

  private void markField(
      DexEncodedField field,
      Collection<ProguardMemberRule> rules,
      ProguardConfigurationRule context,
      DexDefinition precondition,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    for (ProguardMemberRule rule : rules) {
      if (rule.matches(field, appView, this::handleMatchedAnnotation, dexStringCache)) {
        if (Log.ENABLED) {
          Log.verbose(getClass(), "Marking field `%s` due to `%s { %s }`.", field, context,
              rule);
        }
        addItemToSets(field, context, rule, precondition, ifRule);
      }
    }
  }

  private void markClass(DexClass clazz, ProguardConfigurationRule rule, ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    if (Log.ENABLED) {
      Log.verbose(getClass(), "Marking class `%s` due to `%s`.", clazz.type, rule);
    }
    addItemToSets(clazz, rule, null, null, ifRule);
  }

  private void includeDescriptor(DexDefinition item, DexType type, ProguardKeepRuleBase context) {
    if (type.isVoidType()) {
      return;
    }
    if (type.isArrayType()) {
      type = type.toBaseType(appView.dexItemFactory());
    }
    if (type.isPrimitiveType()) {
      return;
    }
    DexClass definition = appView.definitionFor(type);
    if (definition == null || definition.isNotProgramClass()) {
      return;
    }
    // Keep the type if the item is also kept.
    dependentNoShrinking
        .computeIfAbsent(item.toReference(), x -> new IdentityHashMap<>())
        .computeIfAbsent(type, k -> new HashSet<>())
        .add(context);
    // Unconditionally add to no-obfuscation, as that is only checked for surviving items.
    noObfuscation.add(type);
  }

  private void includeDescriptorClasses(DexDefinition item, ProguardKeepRuleBase context) {
    if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
      DexMethod method = item.asDexEncodedMethod().method;
      includeDescriptor(item, method.proto.returnType, context);
      for (DexType value : method.proto.parameters.values) {
        includeDescriptor(item, value, context);
      }
    } else if (item.isDexEncodedField()) {
      DexField field = item.asDexEncodedField().field;
      includeDescriptor(item, field.type, context);
    } else {
      assert item.isDexClass();
    }
  }

  private synchronized void addItemToSets(
      DexDefinition item,
      ProguardConfigurationRule context,
      ProguardMemberRule rule,
      DexDefinition precondition,
      ProguardIfRule ifRule) {
    if (context instanceof ProguardKeepRule) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedField()) {
        DexEncodedField encodedField = item.asDexEncodedField();
        if (encodedField.getOptimizationInfo().cannotBeKept()) {
          // We should only ever get here with if rules.
          assert ifRule != null;
          return;
        }
      } else if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        DexEncodedMethod encodedMethod = item.asDexEncodedMethod();
        if (encodedMethod.isClassInitializer() && !options.debug) {
          // Don't keep class initializers.
          return;
        }
        if (encodedMethod.getOptimizationInfo().cannotBeKept()) {
          // We should only ever get here with if rules.
          assert ifRule != null;
          return;
        }
        if (options.isGeneratingDex()
            && encodedMethod.method.isLambdaDeserializeMethod(appView.dexItemFactory())) {
          // Don't keep lambda deserialization methods.
          return;
        }
        // If desugaring is enabled, private and static interface methods will be moved to a
        // companion class. So we don't need to add them to the root set in the beginning.
        if (options.isInterfaceMethodDesugaringEnabled()
            && encodedMethod.hasCode()
            && (encodedMethod.isPrivateMethod() || encodedMethod.isStaticMember())) {
          DexClass holder = appView.definitionFor(encodedMethod.holder());
          if (holder != null && holder.isInterface()) {
            if (rule.isSpecific()) {
              options.reporter.warning(
                  new StringDiagnostic(
                      "The rule `" + rule + "` is ignored because the targeting interface method `"
                          + encodedMethod.method.toSourceString() + "` will be desugared."));
            }
            return;
          }
        }
      }

      // The reason for keeping should link to the conditional rule as a whole, if present.
      ProguardKeepRuleBase keepRule = ifRule != null ? ifRule : (ProguardKeepRuleBase) context;
      // The modifiers are specified on the actual keep rule (ie, the consequent/context).
      ProguardKeepRuleModifiers modifiers = ((ProguardKeepRule) context).getModifiers();
      // In compatibility mode, for a match on instance members a referenced class becomes live.
      if (options.forceProguardCompatibility
          && !modifiers.allowsShrinking
          && precondition != null
          && precondition.isDexClass()) {
        if (!item.isDexClass() && !item.isStaticMember()) {
          dependentKeepClassCompatRule
              .computeIfAbsent(precondition.asDexClass().getType(), i -> new HashSet<>())
              .add(keepRule);
          context.markAsUsed();
        }
      }
      if (!modifiers.allowsShrinking) {
        if (precondition != null) {
          dependentNoShrinking
              .computeIfAbsent(precondition.toReference(), x -> new IdentityHashMap<>())
              .computeIfAbsent(item.toReference(), i -> new HashSet<>())
              .add(keepRule);
        } else {
          noShrinking.computeIfAbsent(item.toReference(), i -> new HashSet<>()).add(keepRule);
        }
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
      if (!modifiers.allowsOptimization) {
        // The -dontoptimize flag has only effect through the keep all rule, but we still
        // need to mark the rule as used.
        context.markAsUsed();
      }

      if (!modifiers.allowsObfuscation) {
        noObfuscation.add(item.toReference());
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
      if (modifiers.includeDescriptorClasses) {
        includeDescriptorClasses(item, keepRule);
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardAssumeMayHaveSideEffectsRule) {
      mayHaveSideEffects.put(item.toReference(), rule);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardAssumeNoSideEffectRule) {
      noSideEffects.put(item.toReference(), rule);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardWhyAreYouKeepingRule) {
      reasonAsked.computeIfAbsent(item.toReference(), i -> i);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardAssumeValuesRule) {
      assumedValues.put(item.toReference(), rule);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardCheckDiscardRule) {
      checkDiscarded.computeIfAbsent(item.toReference(), i -> i);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof InlineRule) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        switch (((InlineRule) context).getType()) {
          case ALWAYS:
            alwaysInline.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
            break;
          case FORCE:
            forceInline.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
            break;
          case NEVER:
            neverInline.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
            break;
          default:
            throw new Unreachable();
        }
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof WhyAreYouNotInliningRule) {
      if (!item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        throw new Unreachable();
      }
      whyAreYouNotInlining.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context.isClassInlineRule()) {
      ClassInlineRule classInlineRule = context.asClassInlineRule();
      DexClass clazz = item.asDexClass();
      if (clazz == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
            "Unexpected -"
                + classInlineRule.typeString()
                + " rule for a non-class type: `"
                + item.toReference().toSourceString()
                + "`");
      }
      switch (classInlineRule.getType()) {
        case ALWAYS:
          alwaysClassInline.addElement(item.asDexClass().type);
          break;
        case NEVER:
          neverClassInline.add(item.asDexClass().type);
          break;
        default:
          throw new Unreachable();
      }
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof ClassMergingRule) {
      switch (((ClassMergingRule) context).getType()) {
        case NEVER:
          if (item.isDexClass()) {
            neverMerge.add(item.asDexClass().type);
          }
          break;
        default:
          throw new Unreachable();
      }
      context.markAsUsed();
    } else if (context instanceof MemberValuePropagationRule) {
      switch (((MemberValuePropagationRule) context).getType()) {
        case NEVER:
          // Only add members from propgram classes to `neverPropagateValue` since class member
          // values from library types are not propagated by default.
          if (item.isDexEncodedField()) {
            DexEncodedField field = item.asDexEncodedField();
            if (field.isProgramField(appView)) {
              neverPropagateValue.add(item.asDexEncodedField().field);
              context.markAsUsed();
            }
          } else if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
            DexEncodedMethod method = item.asDexEncodedMethod();
            if (method.isProgramMethod(appView)) {
              neverPropagateValue.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
              context.markAsUsed();
            }
          }
          break;
        default:
          throw new Unreachable();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof ProguardIdentifierNameStringRule) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedField()) {
        identifierNameStrings.add(item.asDexEncodedField().field);
        context.markAsUsed();
      } else if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        identifierNameStrings.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof ConstantArgumentRule) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        keepParametersWithConstantValue.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof ReprocessClassInitializerRule) {
      DexProgramClass clazz = item.asProgramClass();
      if (clazz != null && clazz.hasClassInitializer()) {
        switch (context.asReprocessClassInitializerRule().getType()) {
          case ALWAYS:
            reprocess.add(clazz.getClassInitializer().method);
            break;
          case NEVER:
            neverReprocess.add(clazz.getClassInitializer().method);
            break;
          default:
            throw new Unreachable();
        }
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context.isReprocessMethodRule()) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        DexEncodedMethod method = item.asDexEncodedMethod();
        switch (context.asReprocessMethodRule().getType()) {
          case ALWAYS:
            reprocess.add(method.method);
            break;
          case NEVER:
            neverReprocess.add(method.method);
            break;
          default:
            throw new Unreachable();
        }
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else if (context instanceof UnusedArgumentRule) {
      if (item.isDexEncodedMethod()) {
        keepUnusedArguments.add(item.asDexEncodedMethod().method);
        context.markAsUsed();
      }
    } else {
      throw new Unreachable();
    }
  }

  abstract static class RootSetBase {

    final Set<DexMethod> neverInline;
    final Set<DexType> neverClassInline;
    final Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> noShrinking;
    final Set<DexReference> noObfuscation;
    final Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>> dependentNoShrinking;
    final Map<DexType, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> dependentKeepClassCompatRule;
    final List<DelayedRootSetActionItem> delayedRootSetActionItems;

    RootSetBase(
        Set<DexMethod> neverInline,
        Set<DexType> neverClassInline,
        Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> noShrinking,
        Set<DexReference> noObfuscation,
        Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>> dependentNoShrinking,
        Map<DexType, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
        List<DelayedRootSetActionItem> delayedRootSetActionItems) {
      this.neverInline = neverInline;
      this.neverClassInline = neverClassInline;
      this.noShrinking = noShrinking;
      this.noObfuscation = noObfuscation;
      this.dependentNoShrinking = dependentNoShrinking;
      this.dependentKeepClassCompatRule = dependentKeepClassCompatRule;
      this.delayedRootSetActionItems = delayedRootSetActionItems;
    }

    public boolean noShrinking(DexReference reference) {
      return noShrinking.containsKey(reference);
    }

    public void forEachClassWithDependentItems(
        DexDefinitionSupplier definitions, Consumer<DexProgramClass> consumer) {
      for (DexReference reference : dependentNoShrinking.keySet()) {
        if (reference.isDexType()) {
          DexType type = reference.asDexType();
          DexProgramClass clazz = asProgramClassOrNull(definitions.definitionFor(type));
          if (clazz != null) {
            consumer.accept(clazz);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    public void forEachMemberWithDependentItems(
        DexDefinitionSupplier definitions, Consumer<DexEncodedMember<?, ?>> consumer) {
      for (DexReference reference : dependentNoShrinking.keySet()) {
        if (reference.isDexMember()) {
          DexEncodedMember<?, ?> definition = definitions.definitionFor(reference.asDexMember());
          if (definition != null) {
            consumer.accept(definition);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    public void forEachDependentInstanceConstructor(
        DexProgramClass clazz,
        AppView<?> appView,
        Consumer3<DexProgramClass, ProgramMethod, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> fn) {
      getDependentItems(clazz)
          .forEach(
              (reference, reasons) -> {
                if (reference.isDexMethod()) {
                  DexMethod methodReference = reference.asDexMethod();
                  DexProgramClass holder =
                      asProgramClassOrNull(appView.definitionForHolder(methodReference));
                  if (holder != null) {
                    ProgramMethod method = holder.lookupProgramMethod(methodReference);
                    if (method != null && method.getDefinition().isInstanceInitializer()) {
                      fn.accept(clazz, method, reasons);
                    }
                  }
                }
              });
    }

    public void forEachDependentNonStaticMember(
        DexDefinition item,
        AppView<?> appView,
        Consumer3<DexDefinition, DexDefinition, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> fn) {
      getDependentItems(item)
          .forEach(
              (reference, reasons) -> {
                DexDefinition definition = appView.definitionFor(reference);
                if (definition != null
                    && !definition.isDexClass()
                    && !definition.isStaticMember()) {
                  fn.accept(item, definition, reasons);
                }
              });
    }

    public void forEachDependentStaticMember(
        DexDefinition item,
        AppView<?> appView,
        Consumer3<DexDefinition, DexDefinition, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> fn) {
      getDependentItems(item)
          .forEach(
              (reference, reasons) -> {
                DexDefinition definition = appView.definitionFor(reference);
                if (definition != null && !definition.isDexClass() && definition.isStaticMember()) {
                  fn.accept(item, definition, reasons);
                }
              });
    }

    Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> getDependentItems(DexDefinition item) {
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
          dependentNoShrinking.getOrDefault(item.toReference(), Collections.emptyMap()));
    }

    Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase> getDependentKeepClassCompatRule(DexType type) {
      return dependentKeepClassCompatRule.get(type);
    }
  }

  public static class RootSet extends RootSetBase {

    public final ImmutableList<DexReference> reasonAsked;
    public final ImmutableList<DexReference> checkDiscarded;
    public final Set<DexMethod> alwaysInline;
    public final Set<DexMethod> forceInline;
    public final Set<DexMethod> bypassClinitForInlining;
    public final Set<DexMethod> whyAreYouNotInlining;
    public final Set<DexMethod> keepConstantArguments;
    public final Set<DexMethod> keepUnusedArguments;
    public final Set<DexMethod> reprocess;
    public final Set<DexMethod> neverReprocess;
    public final PredicateSet<DexType> alwaysClassInline;
    public final Set<DexType> neverMerge;
    public final Set<DexReference> neverPropagateValue;
    public final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> mayHaveSideEffects;
    public final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> noSideEffects;
    public final Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> assumedValues;
    public final Set<DexReference> identifierNameStrings;
    public final Set<ProguardIfRule> ifRules;

    private RootSet(
        Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> noShrinking,
        Set<DexReference> noObfuscation,
        ImmutableList<DexReference> reasonAsked,
        ImmutableList<DexReference> checkDiscarded,
        Set<DexMethod> alwaysInline,
        Set<DexMethod> forceInline,
        Set<DexMethod> neverInline,
        Set<DexMethod> bypassClinitForInlining,
        Set<DexMethod> whyAreYouNotInlining,
        Set<DexMethod> keepConstantArguments,
        Set<DexMethod> keepUnusedArguments,
        Set<DexMethod> reprocess,
        Set<DexMethod> neverReprocess,
        PredicateSet<DexType> alwaysClassInline,
        Set<DexType> neverClassInline,
        Set<DexType> neverMerge,
        Set<DexReference> neverPropagateValue,
        Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> mayHaveSideEffects,
        Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> noSideEffects,
        Map<DexReference, ProguardMemberRule> assumedValues,
        Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>> dependentNoShrinking,
        Map<DexType, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
        Set<DexReference> identifierNameStrings,
        Set<ProguardIfRule> ifRules,
        List<DelayedRootSetActionItem> delayedRootSetActionItems) {
      super(
          neverInline,
          neverClassInline,
          noShrinking,
          noObfuscation,
          dependentNoShrinking,
          dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
          delayedRootSetActionItems);
      this.reasonAsked = reasonAsked;
      this.checkDiscarded = checkDiscarded;
      this.alwaysInline = alwaysInline;
      this.forceInline = forceInline;
      this.bypassClinitForInlining = bypassClinitForInlining;
      this.whyAreYouNotInlining = whyAreYouNotInlining;
      this.keepConstantArguments = keepConstantArguments;
      this.keepUnusedArguments = keepUnusedArguments;
      this.reprocess = reprocess;
      this.neverReprocess = neverReprocess;
      this.alwaysClassInline = alwaysClassInline;
      this.neverMerge = neverMerge;
      this.neverPropagateValue = neverPropagateValue;
      this.mayHaveSideEffects = mayHaveSideEffects;
      this.noSideEffects = noSideEffects;
      this.assumedValues = assumedValues;
      this.identifierNameStrings = Collections.unmodifiableSet(identifierNameStrings);
      this.ifRules = Collections.unmodifiableSet(ifRules);
    }

    public void checkAllRulesAreUsed(InternalOptions options) {
      List<ProguardConfigurationRule> rules = options.getProguardConfiguration().getRules();
      if (rules != null) {
        for (ProguardConfigurationRule rule : rules) {
          if (!rule.isUsed()) {
            String message =
                "Proguard configuration rule does not match anything: `" + rule.toString() + "`";
            StringDiagnostic diagnostic = new StringDiagnostic(message, rule.getOrigin());
            if (options.testing.reportUnusedProguardConfigurationRules) {
              options.reporter.info(diagnostic);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    void addConsequentRootSet(ConsequentRootSet consequentRootSet, boolean addNoShrinking) {
      neverInline.addAll(consequentRootSet.neverInline);
      neverClassInline.addAll(consequentRootSet.neverClassInline);
      noObfuscation.addAll(consequentRootSet.noObfuscation);
      if (addNoShrinking) {
        consequentRootSet.noShrinking.forEach(
            (type, rules) -> noShrinking.computeIfAbsent(type, k -> new HashSet<>()).addAll(rules));
      }
      addDependentItems(consequentRootSet.dependentNoShrinking);
      consequentRootSet.dependentKeepClassCompatRule.forEach(
          (type, rules) ->
              dependentKeepClassCompatRule.computeIfAbsent(
                  type, k -> new HashSet<>()).addAll(rules));
      delayedRootSetActionItems.addAll(consequentRootSet.delayedRootSetActionItems);
    }

    // Add dependent items that depend on -if rules.
    private void addDependentItems(
        Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>> dependentItems) {
      dependentItems.forEach(
          (reference, dependence) ->
              dependentNoShrinking
                  .computeIfAbsent(reference, x -> new IdentityHashMap<>())
                  .putAll(dependence));
    }

    public void copy(DexReference original, DexReference rewritten) {
      if (noShrinking.containsKey(original)) {
        noShrinking.put(rewritten, noShrinking.get(original));
      }
      if (noObfuscation.contains(original)) {
        noObfuscation.add(rewritten);
      }
      if (noSideEffects.containsKey(original)) {
        noSideEffects.put(rewritten, noSideEffects.get(original));
      }
      if (assumedValues.containsKey(original)) {
        assumedValues.put(rewritten, assumedValues.get(original));
      }
    }

    public void prune(DexReference reference) {
      noShrinking.remove(reference);
      noObfuscation.remove(reference);
      noSideEffects.remove(reference);
      assumedValues.remove(reference);
    }

    public void pruneDeadItems(DexDefinitionSupplier definitions, Enqueuer enqueuer) {
      pruneDeadReferences(neverMerge, definitions, enqueuer);
      pruneDeadReferences(alwaysInline, definitions, enqueuer);
      pruneDeadReferences(noSideEffects.keySet(), definitions, enqueuer);
    }

    private static void pruneDeadReferences(
        Set<? extends DexReference> references,
        DexDefinitionSupplier definitions,
        Enqueuer enqueuer) {
      references.removeIf(
          reference -> {
            if (reference.isDexField()) {
              DexEncodedField definition = definitions.definitionFor(reference.asDexField());
              if (definition == null) {
                return true;
              }
              DexClass holder = definitions.definitionFor(definition.holder());
              if (holder.isProgramClass()) {
                return !enqueuer.isFieldReferenced(definition);
              }
              return !enqueuer.isNonProgramTypeLive(holder);
            } else if (reference.isDexMethod()) {
              DexEncodedMethod definition = definitions.definitionFor(reference.asDexMethod());
              if (definition == null) {
                return true;
              }
              DexClass holder = definitions.definitionFor(definition.holder());
              if (holder.isProgramClass()) {
                return !enqueuer.isMethodLive(definition) && !enqueuer.isMethodTargeted(definition);
              }
              return !enqueuer.isNonProgramTypeLive(holder);
            } else {
              DexClass definition = definitions.definitionFor(reference.asDexType());
              return definition == null || !enqueuer.isTypeLive(definition);
            }
          });
    }

    public void move(DexReference original, DexReference rewritten) {
      copy(original, rewritten);
      prune(original);
    }

    void shouldNotBeMinified(DexReference reference) {
      noObfuscation.add(reference);
    }

    public boolean mayBeMinified(DexReference reference, AppView<?> appView) {
      return !mayNotBeMinified(reference, appView);
    }

    public boolean mayNotBeMinified(DexReference reference, AppView<?> appView) {
      if (reference.isDexType()) {
        return noObfuscation.contains(
            appView.graphLense().getOriginalType(reference.asDexType()));
      } else if (reference.isDexMethod()) {
        return noObfuscation.contains(
            appView.graphLense().getOriginalMethodSignature(reference.asDexMethod()));
      } else {
        assert reference.isDexField();
        return noObfuscation.contains(
            appView.graphLense().getOriginalFieldSignature(reference.asDexField()));
      }
    }

    public boolean verifyKeptFieldsAreAccessedAndLive(AppInfoWithLiveness appInfo) {
      for (DexReference reference : noShrinking.keySet()) {
        if (reference.isDexField()) {
          DexField field = reference.asDexField();
          DexEncodedField encodedField = appInfo.definitionFor(field);
          if (encodedField != null
              && (encodedField.isStatic() || isKeptDirectlyOrIndirectly(field.holder, appInfo))) {
            assert appInfo.isFieldRead(encodedField)
                : "Expected kept field `" + field.toSourceString() + "` to be read";
            assert appInfo.isFieldWritten(encodedField)
                : "Expected kept field `" + field.toSourceString() + "` to be written";
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    public boolean verifyKeptMethodsAreTargetedAndLive(AppInfoWithLiveness appInfo) {
      for (DexReference reference : noShrinking.keySet()) {
        if (reference.isDexMethod()) {
          DexMethod method = reference.asDexMethod();
          assert appInfo.targetedMethods.contains(method)
              : "Expected kept method `" + method.toSourceString() + "` to be targeted";
          DexEncodedMethod encodedMethod = appInfo.definitionFor(method);
          if (!encodedMethod.accessFlags.isAbstract()
              && isKeptDirectlyOrIndirectly(method.holder, appInfo)) {
            assert appInfo.liveMethods.contains(method)
                : "Expected non-abstract kept method `"
                    + method.toSourceString()
                    + "` to be live";
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    public boolean verifyKeptTypesAreLive(AppInfoWithLiveness appInfo) {
      for (DexReference reference : noShrinking.keySet()) {
        if (reference.isDexType()) {
          DexType type = reference.asDexType();
          assert appInfo.isLiveProgramType(type)
              : "Expected kept type `" + type.toSourceString() + "` to be live";
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    private boolean isKeptDirectlyOrIndirectly(DexType type, AppInfoWithLiveness appInfo) {
      if (noShrinking.containsKey(type)) {
        return true;
      }
      DexClass clazz = appInfo.definitionFor(type);
      if (clazz == null) {
        return false;
      }
      if (clazz.superType != null) {
        return isKeptDirectlyOrIndirectly(clazz.superType, appInfo);
      }
      return false;
    }

    public boolean verifyKeptItemsAreKept(DexApplication application, AppInfo appInfo) {
      Set<DexReference> pinnedItems =
          appInfo.hasLiveness() ? appInfo.withLiveness().pinnedItems : null;

      // Create a mapping from each required type to the set of required members on that type.
      Map<DexType, Set<DexReference>> requiredReferencesPerType = new IdentityHashMap<>();
      for (DexReference reference : noShrinking.keySet()) {
        // Check that `pinnedItems` is a super set of the root set.
        assert pinnedItems == null || pinnedItems.contains(reference)
            : "Expected reference `" + reference.toSourceString() + "` to be pinned";
        if (reference.isDexType()) {
          DexType type = reference.asDexType();
          requiredReferencesPerType.putIfAbsent(type, Sets.newIdentityHashSet());
        } else {
          assert reference.isDexField() || reference.isDexMethod();
          DexType holder =
              reference.isDexField()
                  ? reference.asDexField().holder
                  : reference.asDexMethod().holder;
          requiredReferencesPerType
              .computeIfAbsent(holder, key -> Sets.newIdentityHashSet())
              .add(reference);
        }
      }

      // Run through each class in the program and check that it has members it must have.
      for (DexProgramClass clazz : application.classes()) {
        Set<DexReference> requiredReferences =
            requiredReferencesPerType.getOrDefault(clazz.type, ImmutableSet.of());

        Set<DexField> fields = null;
        Set<DexMethod> methods = null;

        for (DexReference requiredReference : requiredReferences) {
          if (requiredReference.isDexField()) {
            DexField requiredField = requiredReference.asDexField();
            if (fields == null) {
              // Create a Set of the fields to avoid quadratic behavior.
              fields =
                  Streams.stream(clazz.fields())
                      .map(DexEncodedField::toReference)
                      .collect(Collectors.toSet());
            }
            assert fields.contains(requiredField)
                : "Expected field `"
                    + requiredField.toSourceString()
                    + "` from the root set to be present";
          } else if (requiredReference.isDexMethod()) {
            DexMethod requiredMethod = requiredReference.asDexMethod();
            if (methods == null) {
              // Create a Set of the methods to avoid quadratic behavior.
              methods =
                  Streams.stream(clazz.methods())
                      .map(DexEncodedMethod::toReference)
                      .collect(Collectors.toSet());
            }
            assert methods.contains(requiredMethod)
                : "Expected method `"
                    + requiredMethod.toSourceString()
                    + "` from the root set to be present";
          } else {
            assert false;
          }
        }
        requiredReferencesPerType.remove(clazz.type);
      }

      // If the map is non-empty, then a type in the root set was not in the application.
      if (!requiredReferencesPerType.isEmpty()) {
        DexType type = requiredReferencesPerType.keySet().iterator().next();
        DexClass clazz = application.definitionFor(type);
        assert clazz == null || clazz.isProgramClass()
            : "Unexpected library type in root set: `" + type + "`";
        assert requiredReferencesPerType.isEmpty()
            : "Expected type `" + type.toSourceString() + "` to be present";
      }

      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
      builder.append("RootSet");

      builder.append("\nnoShrinking: " + noShrinking.size());
      builder.append("\nnoObfuscation: " + noObfuscation.size());
      builder.append("\nreasonAsked: " + reasonAsked.size());
      builder.append("\ncheckDiscarded: " + checkDiscarded.size());
      builder.append("\nnoSideEffects: " + noSideEffects.size());
      builder.append("\nassumedValues: " + assumedValues.size());
      builder.append("\ndependentNoShrinking: " + dependentNoShrinking.size());
      builder.append("\nidentifierNameStrings: " + identifierNameStrings.size());
      builder.append("\nifRules: " + ifRules.size());

      builder.append("\n\nNo Shrinking:");
      noShrinking.keySet().stream()
          .sorted(Comparator.comparing(DexReference::toSourceString))
          .forEach(a -> builder
              .append("\n").append(a.toSourceString()).append(" ").append(noShrinking.get(a)));
      builder.append("\n");
      return builder.toString();
    }
  }

  // A partial RootSet that becomes live due to the enabled -if rule or the addition of interface
  // keep rules.
  public static class ConsequentRootSet extends RootSetBase {

    ConsequentRootSet(
        Set<DexMethod> neverInline,
        Set<DexType> neverClassInline,
        Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> noShrinking,
        Set<DexReference> noObfuscation,
        Map<DexReference, Map<DexReference, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>>> dependentNoShrinking,
        Map<DexType, Set<ProguardKeepRuleBase>> dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
        List<DelayedRootSetActionItem> delayedRootSetActionItems) {
      super(
          neverInline,
          neverClassInline,
          noShrinking,
          noObfuscation,
          dependentNoShrinking,
          dependentKeepClassCompatRule,
          delayedRootSetActionItems);
    }
  }
}