diff --git a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTest.java b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eda102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+package com.android.tools.r8.classmerging.vertical;
+
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestBase;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestParameters;
+import com.android.tools.r8.TestParametersCollection;
+import com.android.tools.r8.classmerging.vertical.testclasses.InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses;
+import com.android.tools.r8.classmerging.vertical.testclasses.InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses.A;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public class InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTest extends TestBase {
+
+  @Parameter(0)
+  public TestParameters parameters;
+
+  @Parameters(name = "{0}")
+  public static TestParametersCollection data() {
+    return getTestParameters().withAllRuntimesAndApiLevels().build();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void test() throws Exception {
+    testForR8(parameters.getBackend())
+        .addInnerClasses(getClass(), InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses.class)
+        .addKeepMainRule(Main.class)
+        .addVerticallyMergedClassesInspector(
+            inspector -> inspector.assertMergedIntoSubtype(A.class))
+        .enableNoUnusedInterfaceRemovalAnnotations()
+        .enableNoVerticalClassMergingAnnotations()
+        .setMinApi(parameters)
+        .compile()
+        .run(parameters.getRuntime(), Main.class)
+        // TODO(b/309727365): Should succeed.
+        .assertFailureWithErrorThatThrows(
+            parameters.isDexRuntime() && parameters.getDexRuntimeVersion().isDalvik()
+                ? NoClassDefFoundError.class
+                : IllegalAccessError.class);
+  }
+
+  static class Main {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+      System.out.println(new B());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class B extends A {
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "B";
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/testclasses/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses.java b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/testclasses/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7ae10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/android/tools/r8/classmerging/vertical/testclasses/InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+package com.android.tools.r8.classmerging.vertical.testclasses;
+
+import com.android.tools.r8.NoUnusedInterfaceRemoval;
+import com.android.tools.r8.NoVerticalClassMerging;
+
+public class InterfaceAccessibleAfterVerticalClassMergingTestClasses {
+
+  @NoUnusedInterfaceRemoval
+  @NoVerticalClassMerging
+  interface I {}
+
+  public static class A implements I {}
+}