// Copyright (c) 2016, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package com.android.tools.r8.graph;

import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.ClassTypeLatticeElement.computeLeastUpperBoundOfInterfaces;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.optimize.ServiceLoaderRewriter.SERVICE_LOADER_CLASS_NAME;
import static com.google.common.base.Predicates.alwaysTrue;

import com.android.tools.r8.dex.Constants;
import com.android.tools.r8.dex.Marker;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.AdvanceLine;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.AdvancePC;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.Default;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.EndLocal;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.RestartLocal;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.SetEpilogueBegin;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.SetFile;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.SetInlineFrame;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexDebugEvent.SetPrologueEnd;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexMethodHandle.MethodHandleType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.ArrayTypeLatticeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.ClassTypeLatticeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.Nullability;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.ReferenceTypeLatticeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeLatticeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InvokeMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Position;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Value;
import com.android.tools.r8.kotlin.Kotlin;
import com.android.tools.r8.naming.NamingLens;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.ArrayUtils;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.LRUCacheTable;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.Pair;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
import com.google.common.collect.BiMap;
import com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.collect.Streams;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceArrayMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class DexItemFactory {

  public static final String throwableDescriptorString = "Ljava/lang/Throwable;";

  /** Set of types that may be synthesized during compilation. */
  private final Set<DexType> possibleCompilerSynthesizedTypes = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();

  private final Map<DexString, DexString> strings = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexString, DexType> types = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexField, DexField> fields = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexProto, DexProto> protos = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexMethod, DexMethod> methods = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final Map<DexMethodHandle, DexMethodHandle> methodHandles =
      new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  // DexDebugEvent Canonicalization.
  private final Int2ReferenceMap<AdvanceLine> advanceLines = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
  private final Int2ReferenceMap<AdvancePC> advancePCs = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
  private final Int2ReferenceMap<Default> defaults = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
  private final Int2ReferenceMap<EndLocal> endLocals = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
  private final Int2ReferenceMap<RestartLocal> restartLocals = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
  private final SetEpilogueBegin setEpilogueBegin = new SetEpilogueBegin();
  private final SetPrologueEnd setPrologueEnd = new SetPrologueEnd();
  private final Map<DexString, SetFile> setFiles = new HashMap<>();
  private final Map<SetInlineFrame, SetInlineFrame> setInlineFrames = new HashMap<>();

  // ReferenceTypeLattice canonicalization.
  private final ConcurrentHashMap<DexType, ReferenceTypeLatticeElement>
      referenceTypeLatticeElements = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final ConcurrentHashMap<DexType, Set<DexType>>
      classTypeLatticeInterfaces = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  public final LRUCacheTable<Set<DexType>, Set<DexType>, Set<DexType>>
      leastUpperBoundOfInterfacesTable = LRUCacheTable.create(8, 8);

  boolean sorted = false;

  // Internal type containing only the null value.
  public static final DexType nullValueType = new DexType(new DexString("NULL"));

  public static final DexString unknownTypeName = new DexString("UNKNOWN");

  private static final IdentityHashMap<DexItem, DexItem> internalSentinels =
      new IdentityHashMap<>(
          ImmutableMap.of(
              nullValueType, nullValueType,
              unknownTypeName, unknownTypeName));

  public DexItemFactory() {
    this.kotlin = new Kotlin(this);
    assert libraryMethodsWithReturnValueDependingOnlyOnArguments.stream()
        .allMatch(libraryMethodsWithoutSideEffects::containsKey);
  }

  public static boolean isInternalSentinel(DexItem item) {
    return internalSentinels.containsKey(item);
  }

  public final DexString booleanDescriptor = createString("Z");
  public final DexString byteDescriptor = createString("B");
  public final DexString charDescriptor = createString("C");
  public final DexString doubleDescriptor = createString("D");
  public final DexString floatDescriptor = createString("F");
  public final DexString intDescriptor = createString("I");
  public final DexString longDescriptor = createString("J");
  public final DexString shortDescriptor = createString("S");
  public final DexString voidDescriptor = createString("V");
  public final DexString descriptorSeparator = createString("/");

  private final DexString booleanArrayDescriptor = createString("[Z");
  private final DexString byteArrayDescriptor = createString("[B");
  private final DexString charArrayDescriptor = createString("[C");
  private final DexString doubleArrayDescriptor = createString("[D");
  private final DexString floatArrayDescriptor = createString("[F");
  private final DexString intArrayDescriptor = createString("[I");
  private final DexString longArrayDescriptor = createString("[J");
  private final DexString shortArrayDescriptor = createString("[S");

  public final DexString boxedBooleanDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Boolean;");
  public final DexString boxedByteDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Byte;");
  public final DexString boxedCharDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Character;");
  public final DexString boxedDoubleDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Double;");
  public final DexString boxedFloatDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Float;");
  public final DexString boxedIntDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Integer;");
  public final DexString boxedLongDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Long;");
  public final DexString boxedShortDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Short;");
  public final DexString boxedNumberDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Number;");
  public final DexString boxedVoidDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Void;");

  public final DexString unboxBooleanMethodName = createString("booleanValue");
  public final DexString unboxByteMethodName = createString("byteValue");
  public final DexString unboxCharMethodName = createString("charValue");
  public final DexString unboxShortMethodName = createString("shortValue");
  public final DexString unboxIntMethodName = createString("intValue");
  public final DexString unboxLongMethodName = createString("longValue");
  public final DexString unboxFloatMethodName = createString("floatValue");
  public final DexString unboxDoubleMethodName = createString("doubleValue");

  public final DexString isEmptyMethodName = createString("isEmpty");
  public final DexString lengthMethodName = createString("length");

  public final DexString containsMethodName = createString("contains");
  public final DexString startsWithMethodName = createString("startsWith");
  public final DexString endsWithMethodName = createString("endsWith");
  public final DexString equalsMethodName = createString("equals");
  public final DexString equalsIgnoreCaseMethodName = createString("equalsIgnoreCase");
  public final DexString contentEqualsMethodName = createString("contentEquals");
  public final DexString indexOfMethodName = createString("indexOf");
  public final DexString lastIndexOfMethodName = createString("lastIndexOf");
  public final DexString compareToMethodName = createString("compareTo");
  public final DexString compareToIgnoreCaseMethodName = createString("compareToIgnoreCase");
  public final DexString cloneMethodName = createString("clone");
  public final DexString substringName = createString("substring");
  public final DexString trimName = createString("trim");

  public final DexString valueOfMethodName = createString("valueOf");
  public final DexString valuesMethodName = createString("values");
  public final DexString toStringMethodName = createString("toString");
  public final DexString internMethodName = createString("intern");

  public final DexString convertMethodName = createString("convert");
  public final DexString wrapperFieldName = createString("wrappedValue");
  public final DexString initMethodName = createString("<init>");

  public final DexString getClassMethodName = createString("getClass");
  public final DexString finalizeMethodName = createString("finalize");
  public final DexString ordinalMethodName = createString("ordinal");
  public final DexString nameMethodName = createString("name");
  public final DexString desiredAssertionStatusMethodName = createString("desiredAssertionStatus");
  public final DexString forNameMethodName = createString("forName");
  public final DexString getNameName = createString("getName");
  public final DexString getCanonicalNameName = createString("getCanonicalName");
  public final DexString getSimpleNameName = createString("getSimpleName");
  public final DexString getTypeNameName = createString("getTypeName");
  public final DexString getDeclaredConstructorName = createString("getDeclaredConstructor");
  public final DexString getFieldName = createString("getField");
  public final DexString getDeclaredFieldName = createString("getDeclaredField");
  public final DexString getMethodName = createString("getMethod");
  public final DexString getDeclaredMethodName = createString("getDeclaredMethod");
  public final DexString newInstanceName = createString("newInstance");
  public final DexString assertionsDisabled = createString("$assertionsDisabled");
  public final DexString invokeMethodName = createString("invoke");
  public final DexString invokeExactMethodName = createString("invokeExact");

  public final DexString runtimeExceptionDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;");
  public final DexString assertionErrorDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/AssertionError;");
  public final DexString charSequenceDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/CharSequence;");
  public final DexString charSequenceArrayDescriptor = createString("[Ljava/lang/CharSequence;");
  public final DexString stringDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/String;");
  public final DexString stringArrayDescriptor = createString("[Ljava/lang/String;");
  public final DexString objectDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Object;");
  public final DexString objectArrayDescriptor = createString("[Ljava/lang/Object;");
  public final DexString classDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Class;");
  public final DexString classLoaderDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
  public final DexString autoCloseableDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/AutoCloseable;");
  public final DexString classArrayDescriptor = createString("[Ljava/lang/Class;");
  public final DexString constructorDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/reflect/Constructor;");
  public final DexString fieldDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;");
  public final DexString methodDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;");
  public final DexString enumDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Enum;");
  public final DexString annotationDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/annotation/Annotation;");
  public final DexString objectsDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Objects;");
  public final DexString collectionsDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Collections;");
  public final DexString iterableDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Iterable;");
  public final DexString mathDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Math;");
  public final DexString strictMathDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/StrictMath;");

  public final DexString stringBuilderDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;");
  public final DexString stringBufferDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;");

  public final DexString varHandleDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/invoke/VarHandle;");
  public final DexString methodHandleDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;");
  public final DexString methodTypeDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;");
  public final DexString invocationHandlerDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/lang/reflect/InvocationHandler;");
  public final DexString proxyDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/reflect/Proxy;");
  public final DexString serviceLoaderDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/ServiceLoader;");
  public final DexString serviceLoaderConfigurationErrorDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/util/ServiceConfigurationError;");
  public final DexString listDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/List;");
  public final DexString setDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Set;");
  public final DexString mapDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Map;");
  public final DexString mapEntryDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Map$Entry;");
  public final DexString collectionDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Collection;");
  public final DexString comparatorDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Comparator;");
  public final DexString callableDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/concurrent/Callable;");
  public final DexString supplierDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/function/Supplier;");
  public final DexString consumerDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/function/Consumer;");
  public final DexString runnableDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/Runnable;");
  public final DexString optionalDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Optional;");
  public final DexString optionalDoubleDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/OptionalDouble;");
  public final DexString optionalIntDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/OptionalInt;");
  public final DexString optionalLongDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/OptionalLong;");
  public final DexString streamDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/stream/Stream;");
  public final DexString arraysDescriptor = createString("Ljava/util/Arrays;");

  public final DexString throwableDescriptor = createString(throwableDescriptorString);
  public final DexString illegalAccessErrorDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;");
  public final DexString icceDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;");
  public final DexString exceptionInInitializerErrorDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/lang/ExceptionInInitializerError;");
  public final DexString noClassDefFoundErrorDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/lang/NoClassDefFoundError;");
  public final DexString noSuchFieldErrorDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/NoSuchFieldError;");
  public final DexString npeDescriptor = createString("Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;");
  public final DexString reflectiveOperationExceptionDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/lang/ReflectiveOperationException;");

  public final DexString intFieldUpdaterDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;");
  public final DexString longFieldUpdaterDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicLongFieldUpdater;");
  public final DexString referenceFieldUpdaterDescriptor =
      createString("Ljava/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;");
  public final DexString newUpdaterName = createString("newUpdater");

  public final DexString constructorMethodName = createString(Constants.INSTANCE_INITIALIZER_NAME);
  public final DexString classConstructorMethodName =
      createString(Constants.CLASS_INITIALIZER_NAME);

  public final DexString thisName = createString("this");
  public final DexString enumValuesFieldName = createString("$VALUES");

  public final DexString enabledFieldName = createString("ENABLED");

  public final DexString throwableArrayDescriptor = createString("[Ljava/lang/Throwable;");

  public final DexType booleanType = createStaticallyKnownType(booleanDescriptor);
  public final DexType byteType = createStaticallyKnownType(byteDescriptor);
  public final DexType charType = createStaticallyKnownType(charDescriptor);
  public final DexType doubleType = createStaticallyKnownType(doubleDescriptor);
  public final DexType floatType = createStaticallyKnownType(floatDescriptor);
  public final DexType intType = createStaticallyKnownType(intDescriptor);
  public final DexType longType = createStaticallyKnownType(longDescriptor);
  public final DexType shortType = createStaticallyKnownType(shortDescriptor);
  public final DexType voidType = createStaticallyKnownType(voidDescriptor);

  public final DexType booleanArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(booleanArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType byteArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(byteArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType charArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(charArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType doubleArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(doubleArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType floatArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(floatArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType intArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(intArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType longArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(longArrayDescriptor);
   public final DexType shortArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(shortArrayDescriptor);

  public final DexType boxedBooleanType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedBooleanDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedByteType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedByteDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedCharType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedCharDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedDoubleType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedDoubleDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedFloatType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedFloatDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedIntType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedIntDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedLongType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedLongDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedShortType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedShortDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedNumberType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedNumberDescriptor);
  public final DexType boxedVoidType = createStaticallyKnownType(boxedVoidDescriptor);

  public final DexType charSequenceType = createStaticallyKnownType(charSequenceDescriptor);
  public final DexType charSequenceArrayType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(charSequenceArrayDescriptor);
  public final DexType stringType = createStaticallyKnownType(stringDescriptor);
  public final DexType stringArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(stringArrayDescriptor);
  public final DexType objectType = createStaticallyKnownType(objectDescriptor);
  public final DexType objectArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(objectArrayDescriptor);
  public final DexType classArrayType = createStaticallyKnownType(classArrayDescriptor);
  public final DexType enumType = createStaticallyKnownType(enumDescriptor);
  public final DexType annotationType = createStaticallyKnownType(annotationDescriptor);
  public final DexType objectsType = createStaticallyKnownType(objectsDescriptor);
  public final DexType collectionsType = createStaticallyKnownType(collectionsDescriptor);
  public final DexType iterableType = createStaticallyKnownType(iterableDescriptor);
  public final DexType mathType = createStaticallyKnownType(mathDescriptor);
  public final DexType strictMathType = createStaticallyKnownType(strictMathDescriptor);
  public final DexType referenceFieldUpdaterType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(referenceFieldUpdaterDescriptor);

  public final DexType classType = createStaticallyKnownType(classDescriptor);
  public final DexType classLoaderType = createStaticallyKnownType(classLoaderDescriptor);
  public final DexType fieldType = createStaticallyKnownType(fieldDescriptor);
  public final DexType methodType = createStaticallyKnownType(methodDescriptor);
  public final DexType autoCloseableType = createStaticallyKnownType(autoCloseableDescriptor);

  public final DexType stringBuilderType = createStaticallyKnownType(stringBuilderDescriptor);
  public final DexType stringBufferType = createStaticallyKnownType(stringBufferDescriptor);

  public final DexType javaLangSystemType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/System;");
  public final DexType javaIoPrintStreamType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/io/PrintStream;");

  public final DexType varHandleType = createStaticallyKnownType(varHandleDescriptor);
  public final DexType methodHandleType = createStaticallyKnownType(methodHandleDescriptor);
  public final DexType methodTypeType = createStaticallyKnownType(methodTypeDescriptor);
  public final DexType invocationHandlerType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(invocationHandlerDescriptor);
  public final DexType proxyType = createStaticallyKnownType(proxyDescriptor);
  public final DexType serviceLoaderType = createStaticallyKnownType(serviceLoaderDescriptor);
  public final DexType serviceLoaderRewrittenClassType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("L" + SERVICE_LOADER_CLASS_NAME + ";");
  public final DexType serviceLoaderConfigurationErrorType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(serviceLoaderConfigurationErrorDescriptor);
  public final DexType listType = createStaticallyKnownType(listDescriptor);
  public final DexType setType = createStaticallyKnownType(setDescriptor);
  public final DexType mapType = createStaticallyKnownType(mapDescriptor);
  public final DexType mapEntryType = createStaticallyKnownType(mapEntryDescriptor);
  public final DexType abstractMapSimpleEntryType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/AbstractMap$SimpleEntry;");
  public final DexType collectionType = createStaticallyKnownType(collectionDescriptor);
  public final DexType comparatorType = createStaticallyKnownType(comparatorDescriptor);
  public final DexType callableType = createStaticallyKnownType(callableDescriptor);
  public final DexType supplierType = createStaticallyKnownType(supplierDescriptor);
  public final DexType consumerType = createStaticallyKnownType(consumerDescriptor);
  public final DexType runnableType = createStaticallyKnownType(runnableDescriptor);
  public final DexType optionalType = createStaticallyKnownType(optionalDescriptor);
  public final DexType optionalDoubleType = createStaticallyKnownType(optionalDoubleDescriptor);
  public final DexType optionalIntType = createStaticallyKnownType(optionalIntDescriptor);
  public final DexType optionalLongType = createStaticallyKnownType(optionalLongDescriptor);
  public final DexType streamType = createStaticallyKnownType(streamDescriptor);

  public final DexType doubleConsumer =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/function/DoubleConsumer;");
  public final DexType longConsumer =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/function/LongConsumer;");
  public final DexType intConsumer = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/function/IntConsumer;");

  public final DexType runtimeExceptionType = createStaticallyKnownType(runtimeExceptionDescriptor);
  public final DexType throwableType = createStaticallyKnownType(throwableDescriptor);
  public final DexType illegalAccessErrorType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(illegalAccessErrorDescriptor);
  public final DexType icceType = createStaticallyKnownType(icceDescriptor);
  public final DexType exceptionInInitializerErrorType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(exceptionInInitializerErrorDescriptor);
  public final DexType noClassDefFoundErrorType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(noClassDefFoundErrorDescriptor);
  public final DexType noSuchFieldErrorType = createStaticallyKnownType(noSuchFieldErrorDescriptor);
  public final DexType npeType = createStaticallyKnownType(npeDescriptor);
  public final DexType reflectiveOperationExceptionType =
      createStaticallyKnownType(reflectiveOperationExceptionDescriptor);

  public final DexType javaUtilLoggingLoggerType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/logging/Logger;");
  public final DexType androidUtilLogType = createStaticallyKnownType("Landroid/util/Log;");

  public final DexType androidOsBuildVersionType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Landroid/os/Build$VERSION;");

  public final StringBuildingMethods stringBuilderMethods =
      new StringBuildingMethods(stringBuilderType);
  public final StringBuildingMethods stringBufferMethods =
      new StringBuildingMethods(stringBufferType);
  public final BooleanMembers booleanMembers = new BooleanMembers();
  public final ObjectsMethods objectsMethods = new ObjectsMethods();
  public final ObjectMethods objectMethods = new ObjectMethods();
  public final StringMethods stringMethods = new StringMethods();
  public final LongMethods longMethods = new LongMethods();
  public final DoubleMethods doubleMethods = new DoubleMethods();
  public final JavaUtilArraysMethods utilArraysMethods = new JavaUtilArraysMethods();
  public final ThrowableMethods throwableMethods = new ThrowableMethods();
  public final AssertionErrorMethods assertionErrorMethods = new AssertionErrorMethods();
  public final ClassMethods classMethods = new ClassMethods();
  public final ConstructorMethods constructorMethods = new ConstructorMethods();
  public final EnumMethods enumMethods = new EnumMethods();
  public final NullPointerExceptionMethods npeMethods = new NullPointerExceptionMethods();
  public final PrimitiveTypesBoxedTypeFields primitiveTypesBoxedTypeFields =
      new PrimitiveTypesBoxedTypeFields();
  public final AtomicFieldUpdaterMethods atomicFieldUpdaterMethods =
      new AtomicFieldUpdaterMethods();
  public final Kotlin kotlin;
  public final PolymorphicMethods polymorphicMethods = new PolymorphicMethods();
  public final ProxyMethods proxyMethods = new ProxyMethods();

  public final DexString twrCloseResourceMethodName = createString("$closeResource");
  public final DexProto twrCloseResourceMethodProto =
      createProto(voidType, throwableType, autoCloseableType);

  public final DexString deserializeLambdaMethodName = createString("$deserializeLambda$");
  public final DexProto deserializeLambdaMethodProto =
      createProto(objectType, createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/invoke/SerializedLambda;"));

  // Dex system annotations.
  // See https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/dex-format.html#system-annotation
  public final DexType annotationDefault =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/AnnotationDefault;");
  public final DexType annotationEnclosingClass =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/EnclosingClass;");
  public final DexType annotationEnclosingMethod =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/EnclosingMethod;");
  public final DexType annotationInnerClass =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/InnerClass;");
  public final DexType annotationMemberClasses =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/MemberClasses;");
  public final DexType annotationMethodParameters =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/MethodParameters;");
  public final DexType annotationSignature =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/Signature;");
  public final DexType annotationSourceDebugExtension =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/SourceDebugExtension;");
  public final DexType annotationThrows = createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;");
  public final DexType annotationSynthesizedClassMap =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Lcom/android/tools/r8/annotations/SynthesizedClassMap;");
  public final DexType annotationCovariantReturnType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/codegen/CovariantReturnType;");
  public final DexType annotationCovariantReturnTypes =
      createStaticallyKnownType(
          "Ldalvik/annotation/codegen/CovariantReturnType$CovariantReturnTypes;");
  public final DexType annotationReachabilitySensitive =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/optimization/ReachabilitySensitive;");

  // Runtime affecting yet class-retained annotations.
  public final DexType dalvikFastNativeAnnotation =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/optimization/FastNative;");
  public final DexType dalvikCriticalNativeAnnotation =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ldalvik/annotation/optimization/CriticalNative;");

  private static final String METAFACTORY_METHOD_NAME = "metafactory";
  private static final String METAFACTORY_ALT_METHOD_NAME = "altMetafactory";

  public final DexType metafactoryType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory;");
  public final DexType callSiteType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite;");
  public final DexType lookupType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;");
  public final DexType iteratorType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/Iterator;");
  public final DexType listIteratorType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/ListIterator;");
  public final DexType enumerationType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/util/Enumeration;");
  public final DexType serializableType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/io/Serializable;");
  public final DexType externalizableType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/io/Externalizable;");
  public final DexType cloneableType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/Cloneable;");
  public final DexType comparableType = createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/Comparable;");

  public final ServiceLoaderMethods serviceLoaderMethods = new ServiceLoaderMethods();

  public final BiMap<DexType, DexType> primitiveToBoxed = HashBiMap.create(
      ImmutableMap.<DexType, DexType>builder()
          .put(booleanType, boxedBooleanType)
          .put(byteType, boxedByteType)
          .put(charType, boxedCharType)
          .put(shortType, boxedShortType)
          .put(intType, boxedIntType)
          .put(longType, boxedLongType)
          .put(floatType, boxedFloatType)
          .put(doubleType, boxedDoubleType)
          .build());

  public DexType getBoxedForPrimitiveType(DexType primitive) {
    assert primitive.isPrimitiveType();
    return primitiveToBoxed.get(primitive);
  }

  public DexType getPrimitiveFromBoxed(DexType boxedPrimitive) {
    return primitiveToBoxed.inverse().get(boxedPrimitive);
  }

  // Boxed Boxed#valueOf(Primitive), e.g., Boolean Boolean#valueOf(B)
  private Set<DexMethod> boxedValueOfMethods() {
    return primitiveToBoxed.entrySet().stream()
        .map(
            entry -> {
              DexType primitive = entry.getKey();
              DexType boxed = entry.getValue();
              return createMethod(
                  boxed.descriptor,
                  valueOfMethodName,
                  boxed.descriptor,
                  new DexString[] {primitive.descriptor});
            })
        .collect(Collectors.toSet());
  }

  public final DexMethod metafactoryMethod =
      createMethod(
          metafactoryType,
          createProto(
              callSiteType,
              lookupType,
              stringType,
              methodTypeType,
              methodTypeType,
              methodHandleType,
              methodTypeType),
          createString(METAFACTORY_METHOD_NAME));

  public final DexMethod metafactoryAltMethod =
      createMethod(
          metafactoryType,
          createProto(callSiteType, lookupType, stringType, methodTypeType, objectArrayType),
          createString(METAFACTORY_ALT_METHOD_NAME));

  public final DexMethod deserializeLambdaMethod =
      createMethod(objectType, deserializeLambdaMethodProto, deserializeLambdaMethodName);

  public final DexType stringConcatFactoryType =
      createStaticallyKnownType("Ljava/lang/invoke/StringConcatFactory;");

  public final DexMethod stringConcatWithConstantsMethod =
      createMethod(
          stringConcatFactoryType,
          createProto(
              callSiteType,
              lookupType,
              stringType,
              methodTypeType,
              stringType,
              objectArrayType),
          createString("makeConcatWithConstants")
      );

  public final DexMethod stringConcatMethod =
      createMethod(
          stringConcatFactoryType,
          createProto(
              callSiteType,
              lookupType,
              stringType,
              methodTypeType),
          createString("makeConcat")
      );

  public final Set<DexMethod> libraryMethodsReturningReceiver =
      ImmutableSet.<DexMethod>builder()
          .addAll(stringBufferMethods.appendMethods)
          .addAll(stringBuilderMethods.appendMethods)
          .build();

  // Library methods listed here are based on their original implementations. That is, we assume
  // these cannot be overridden.
  public final Set<DexMethod> libraryMethodsReturningNonNull =
      ImmutableSet.of(
          classMethods.getName,
          classMethods.getSimpleName,
          classMethods.forName,
          objectsMethods.requireNonNull,
          objectsMethods.requireNonNullWithMessage,
          objectsMethods.requireNonNullWithMessageSupplier,
          stringMethods.valueOf);

  // We assume library methods listed here are `public`, i.e., free from visibility side effects.
  // If not, that library method should not be added here because it literally has side effects.
  public Map<DexMethod, Predicate<InvokeMethod>> libraryMethodsWithoutSideEffects =
      Streams.<Pair<DexMethod, Predicate<InvokeMethod>>>concat(
              Stream.of(new Pair<>(enumMethods.constructor, alwaysTrue())),
              Stream.of(new Pair<>(objectMethods.constructor, alwaysTrue())),
              Stream.of(new Pair<>(objectMethods.getClass, alwaysTrue())),
              mapToPredicate(classMethods.getNames, alwaysTrue()),
              mapToPredicate(
                  stringBufferMethods.constructorMethods,
                  stringBufferMethods::constructorInvokeIsSideEffectFree),
              mapToPredicate(
                  stringBuilderMethods.constructorMethods,
                  stringBuilderMethods::constructorInvokeIsSideEffectFree),
              mapToPredicate(boxedValueOfMethods(), alwaysTrue()))
          .collect(Collectors.toMap(Pair::getFirst, Pair::getSecond));

  private static Stream<Pair<DexMethod, Predicate<InvokeMethod>>> mapToPredicate(
      Set<DexMethod> methods, Predicate<InvokeMethod> predicate) {
    return methods.stream().map(method -> new Pair<>(method, predicate));
  }

  // TODO(b/119596718): More idempotent methods? Any singleton accessors? E.g.,
  // java.util.Calendar#getInstance(...) // 4 variants
  // java.util.Locale#getDefault() // returns JVM default locale.
  // android.os.Looper#myLooper() // returns the associated Looper instance.
  // Note that this set is used for canonicalization of method invocations, together with a set of
  // library methods that do not have side effects.
  public Set<DexMethod> libraryMethodsWithReturnValueDependingOnlyOnArguments =
      ImmutableSet.<DexMethod>builder()
          .addAll(boxedValueOfMethods())
          .build();

  public Set<DexType> libraryTypesAssumedToBePresent =
      ImmutableSet.<DexType>builder()
          .add(objectType, callableType, stringBufferType, stringBuilderType, stringType)
          .addAll(primitiveToBoxed.values())
          .build();

  public Set<DexType> libraryClassesWithoutStaticInitialization =
      ImmutableSet.of(boxedBooleanType, enumType, objectType, stringBufferType, stringBuilderType);

  private boolean skipNameValidationForTesting = false;

  public void setSkipNameValidationForTesting(boolean skipNameValidationForTesting) {
    this.skipNameValidationForTesting = skipNameValidationForTesting;
  }

  public boolean getSkipNameValidationForTesting() {
    return skipNameValidationForTesting;
  }

  public boolean isLambdaMetafactoryMethod(DexMethod dexMethod) {
    return dexMethod == metafactoryMethod || dexMethod == metafactoryAltMethod;
  }

  public class BooleanMembers {

    public final DexField FALSE = createField(boxedBooleanType, boxedBooleanType, "FALSE");
    public final DexField TRUE = createField(boxedBooleanType, boxedBooleanType, "TRUE");
    public final DexField TYPE = createField(boxedBooleanType, classType, "TYPE");

    public final DexMethod booleanValue =
        createMethod(boxedBooleanType, createProto(booleanType), "booleanValue");
    public final DexMethod valueOf =
        createMethod(boxedBooleanType, createProto(boxedBooleanType, booleanType), "valueOf");

    private BooleanMembers() {}
  }

  public class LongMethods {

    public final DexMethod compare;

    private LongMethods() {
      compare = createMethod(boxedLongDescriptor,
          createString("compare"), intDescriptor, new DexString[]{longDescriptor, longDescriptor});
    }
  }

  public class DoubleMethods {

    public final DexMethod isNaN;

    private DoubleMethods() {
      isNaN =
          createMethod(
              boxedDoubleDescriptor,
              createString("isNaN"),
              booleanDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {doubleDescriptor});
    }
  }

  public class JavaUtilArraysMethods {

    public final DexMethod asList;

    private JavaUtilArraysMethods() {
      asList =
          createMethod(
              arraysDescriptor,
              createString("asList"),
              listDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {objectArrayDescriptor});
    }
  }

  public class ThrowableMethods {

    public final DexMethod addSuppressed;
    public final DexMethod getMessage;
    public final DexMethod getSuppressed;
    public final DexMethod initCause;

    private ThrowableMethods() {
      addSuppressed = createMethod(throwableDescriptor,
          createString("addSuppressed"), voidDescriptor, new DexString[]{throwableDescriptor});
      getSuppressed = createMethod(throwableDescriptor,
          createString("getSuppressed"), throwableArrayDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      initCause = createMethod(throwableDescriptor, createString("initCause"), throwableDescriptor,
          new DexString[] { throwableDescriptor });
      getMessage =
          createMethod(
              throwableDescriptor,
              createString("getMessage"),
              stringDescriptor,
              DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }
  }

  public class AssertionErrorMethods {
    public final DexMethod initMessage;
    public final DexMethod initMessageAndCause;

    private AssertionErrorMethods() {
      this.initMessage =
          createMethod(assertionErrorDescriptor, constructorMethodName, voidDescriptor,
              new DexString[] { objectDescriptor });
      this.initMessageAndCause =
          createMethod(assertionErrorDescriptor, constructorMethodName, voidDescriptor,
              new DexString[] { stringDescriptor, throwableDescriptor });
    }
  }

  public class ObjectMethods {

    public final DexMethod getClass;
    public final DexMethod constructor;
    public final DexMethod finalize;
    public final DexMethod toString;

    private ObjectMethods() {
      getClass = createMethod(objectDescriptor, getClassMethodName, classDescriptor,
          DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      constructor = createMethod(objectDescriptor,
          constructorMethodName, voidType.descriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      finalize = createMethod(objectDescriptor,
          finalizeMethodName, voidType.descriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      toString = createMethod(objectDescriptor,
          toStringMethodName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }
  }

  public class ObjectsMethods {

    public final DexMethod requireNonNull;
    public final DexMethod requireNonNullWithMessage;
    public final DexMethod requireNonNullWithMessageSupplier;

    private ObjectsMethods() {
      DexString requireNonNullMethodName = createString("requireNonNull");
      requireNonNull =
          createMethod(objectsType, createProto(objectType, objectType), requireNonNullMethodName);
      requireNonNullWithMessage =
          createMethod(
              objectsType,
              createProto(objectType, objectType, stringType),
              requireNonNullMethodName);
      requireNonNullWithMessageSupplier =
          createMethod(
              objectsType,
              createProto(objectType, objectType, supplierType),
              requireNonNullMethodName);
    }

    public boolean isRequireNonNullMethod(DexMethod method) {
      return method == requireNonNull
          || method == requireNonNullWithMessage
          || method == requireNonNullWithMessageSupplier;
    }

    public Iterable<DexMethod> requireNonNullMethods() {
      return ImmutableList.of(
          requireNonNull, requireNonNullWithMessage, requireNonNullWithMessageSupplier);
    }
  }

  public class ClassMethods {

    public final DexMethod desiredAssertionStatus;
    public final DexMethod forName;
    public final DexMethod forName3;
    public final DexMethod getName;
    public final DexMethod getCanonicalName;
    public final DexMethod getSimpleName;
    public final DexMethod getTypeName;
    public final DexMethod getDeclaredConstructor;
    public final DexMethod getField;
    public final DexMethod getDeclaredField;
    public final DexMethod getMethod;
    public final DexMethod getDeclaredMethod;
    public final DexMethod newInstance;
    private final Set<DexMethod> getMembers;
    private final Set<DexMethod> getNames;

    private ClassMethods() {
      desiredAssertionStatus = createMethod(classDescriptor,
          desiredAssertionStatusMethodName, booleanDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      forName =
          createMethod(
              classDescriptor,
              forNameMethodName,
              classDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {stringDescriptor});
      forName3 =
          createMethod(
              classDescriptor,
              forNameMethodName,
              classDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {stringDescriptor, booleanDescriptor, classLoaderDescriptor});
      getName = createMethod(classDescriptor, getNameName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      getCanonicalName = createMethod(
          classDescriptor, getCanonicalNameName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      getSimpleName = createMethod(
          classDescriptor, getSimpleNameName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      getTypeName = createMethod(
          classDescriptor, getTypeNameName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      getDeclaredConstructor =
          createMethod(
              classDescriptor,
              getDeclaredConstructorName,
              constructorDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {classArrayDescriptor});
      getField = createMethod(classDescriptor, getFieldName, fieldDescriptor,
          new DexString[] {stringDescriptor});
      getDeclaredField = createMethod(classDescriptor, getDeclaredFieldName, fieldDescriptor,
          new DexString[] {stringDescriptor});
      getMethod = createMethod(classDescriptor, getMethodName, methodDescriptor,
          new DexString[] {stringDescriptor, classArrayDescriptor});
      getDeclaredMethod = createMethod(classDescriptor, getDeclaredMethodName, methodDescriptor,
          new DexString[] {stringDescriptor, classArrayDescriptor});
      newInstance =
          createMethod(classDescriptor, newInstanceName, objectDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      getMembers = ImmutableSet.of(getField, getDeclaredField, getMethod, getDeclaredMethod);
      getNames = ImmutableSet.of(getName, getCanonicalName, getSimpleName, getTypeName);
    }

    public boolean isReflectiveClassLookup(DexMethod method) {
      return method == forName || method == forName3;
    }

    public boolean isReflectiveMemberLookup(DexMethod method) {
      return getMembers.contains(method);
    }

    public boolean isReflectiveNameLookup(DexMethod method) {
      return getNames.contains(method);
    }
  }

  public class ConstructorMethods {

    public final DexMethod newInstance;

    private ConstructorMethods() {
      newInstance =
          createMethod(
              constructorDescriptor,
              newInstanceName,
              objectDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {objectArrayDescriptor});
    }
  }

  public class EnumMethods {

    public final DexMethod valueOf;
    public final DexMethod ordinal;
    public final DexMethod name;
    public final DexMethod toString;
    public final DexMethod compareTo;

    public final DexMethod constructor =
        createMethod(enumType, createProto(voidType, stringType, intType), constructorMethodName);
    public final DexMethod finalize =
        createMethod(enumType, createProto(voidType), finalizeMethodName);

    private EnumMethods() {
      valueOf =
          createMethod(
              enumDescriptor,
              valueOfMethodName,
              enumDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {classDescriptor, stringDescriptor});
      ordinal =
          createMethod(
              enumDescriptor,
              ordinalMethodName,
              intDescriptor,
              DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      name =
          createMethod(
              enumDescriptor,
              nameMethodName,
              stringDescriptor,
              DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      toString =
          createMethod(
              enumDescriptor,
              toStringMethodName,
              stringDescriptor,
              DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      compareTo =
          createMethod(
              enumDescriptor,
              compareToMethodName,
              stringDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {enumDescriptor});
    }

    public boolean isValuesMethod(DexMethod method, DexClass enumClass) {
      assert enumClass.isEnum();
      return method.holder == enumClass.type
          && method.proto.returnType == enumClass.type.toArrayType(1, DexItemFactory.this)
          && method.proto.parameters.size() == 0
          && method.name == valuesMethodName;
    }

    public boolean isValueOfMethod(DexMethod method, DexClass enumClass) {
      assert enumClass.isEnum();
      return method.holder == enumClass.type
          && method.proto.returnType == enumClass.type
          && method.proto.parameters.size() == 1
          && method.proto.parameters.values[0] == stringType
          && method.name == valueOfMethodName;
    }
  }

  public class NullPointerExceptionMethods {

    public final DexMethod init;

    private NullPointerExceptionMethods() {
      init =
          createMethod(
              npeDescriptor,
              constructorMethodName,
              voidDescriptor,
              DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }
  }

  /**
   * All boxed types (Boolean, Byte, ...) have a field named TYPE which contains the Class object
   * for the primitive type.
   *
   * E.g. for Boolean https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Boolean.html#TYPE.
   */
  public class PrimitiveTypesBoxedTypeFields {

    public final DexField byteTYPE;
    public final DexField charTYPE;
    public final DexField shortTYPE;
    public final DexField intTYPE;
    public final DexField longTYPE;
    public final DexField floatTYPE;
    public final DexField doubleTYPE;

    private final Map<DexField, DexType> boxedFieldTypeToPrimitiveType;

    private PrimitiveTypesBoxedTypeFields() {
      byteTYPE = createField(boxedByteType, classType, "TYPE");
      charTYPE = createField(boxedCharType, classType, "TYPE");
      shortTYPE = createField(boxedShortType, classType, "TYPE");
      intTYPE = createField(boxedIntType, classType, "TYPE");
      longTYPE = createField(boxedLongType, classType, "TYPE");
      floatTYPE = createField(boxedFloatType, classType, "TYPE");
      doubleTYPE = createField(boxedDoubleType, classType, "TYPE");

      boxedFieldTypeToPrimitiveType =
          ImmutableMap.<DexField, DexType>builder()
              .put(booleanMembers.TYPE, booleanType)
              .put(byteTYPE, byteType)
              .put(charTYPE, charType)
              .put(shortTYPE, shortType)
              .put(intTYPE, intType)
              .put(longTYPE, longType)
              .put(floatTYPE, floatType)
              .put(doubleTYPE, doubleType)
              .build();
    }

    public DexType boxedFieldTypeToPrimitiveType(DexField field) {
      return boxedFieldTypeToPrimitiveType.get(field);
    }
  }

  /**
   * A class that encompasses methods that create different types of atomic field updaters:
   * Atomic(Integer|Long|Reference)FieldUpdater#newUpdater.
   */
  public class AtomicFieldUpdaterMethods {
    public final DexMethod intUpdater;
    public final DexMethod longUpdater;
    public final DexMethod referenceUpdater;
    private final Set<DexMethod> updaters;

    private AtomicFieldUpdaterMethods() {
      intUpdater =
          createMethod(
              intFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              newUpdaterName,
              intFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {classDescriptor, stringDescriptor});
      longUpdater =
          createMethod(
              longFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              newUpdaterName,
              longFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {classDescriptor, stringDescriptor});
      referenceUpdater =
          createMethod(
              referenceFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              newUpdaterName,
              referenceFieldUpdaterDescriptor,
              new DexString[] {classDescriptor, classDescriptor, stringDescriptor});
      updaters = ImmutableSet.of(intUpdater, longUpdater, referenceUpdater);
    }

    public boolean isFieldUpdater(DexMethod method) {
      return updaters.contains(method);
    }
  }

  public class StringMethods {
    public final DexMethod isEmpty;
    public final DexMethod length;

    public final DexMethod contains;
    public final DexMethod startsWith;
    public final DexMethod endsWith;
    public final DexMethod equals;
    public final DexMethod equalsIgnoreCase;
    public final DexMethod contentEqualsCharSequence;

    public final DexMethod indexOfInt;
    public final DexMethod indexOfString;
    public final DexMethod lastIndexOfInt;
    public final DexMethod lastIndexOfString;
    public final DexMethod compareTo;
    public final DexMethod compareToIgnoreCase;

    public final DexMethod hashCode;
    public final DexMethod valueOf;
    public final DexMethod toString;
    public final DexMethod intern;

    public final DexMethod trim = createMethod(stringType, createProto(stringType), trimName);

    private StringMethods() {
      isEmpty = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, isEmptyMethodName, booleanDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      length = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, lengthMethodName, intDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);

      DexString[] needsOneCharSequence = { charSequenceDescriptor };
      DexString[] needsOneString = { stringDescriptor };
      DexString[] needsOneObject = { objectDescriptor };
      DexString[] needsOneInt = { intDescriptor };

      contains = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, containsMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneCharSequence);
      startsWith = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, startsWithMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneString);
      endsWith = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, endsWithMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneString);
      equals = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, equalsMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneObject);
      equalsIgnoreCase = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, equalsIgnoreCaseMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneString);
      contentEqualsCharSequence = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, contentEqualsMethodName, booleanDescriptor, needsOneCharSequence);

      indexOfString =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, indexOfMethodName, intDescriptor, needsOneString);
      indexOfInt =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, indexOfMethodName, intDescriptor, needsOneInt);
      lastIndexOfString =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, lastIndexOfMethodName, intDescriptor, needsOneString);
      lastIndexOfInt =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, lastIndexOfMethodName, intDescriptor, needsOneInt);
      compareTo =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, compareToMethodName, intDescriptor, needsOneString);
      compareToIgnoreCase =
          createMethod(stringDescriptor, compareToIgnoreCaseMethodName, intDescriptor,
              needsOneString);

      hashCode = createMethod(stringType, createProto(intType), "hashCode");
      valueOf = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, valueOfMethodName, stringDescriptor, needsOneObject);
      toString = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, toStringMethodName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
      intern = createMethod(
          stringDescriptor, internMethodName, stringDescriptor, DexString.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }
  }

  public class StringBuildingMethods {

    public final DexMethod appendBoolean;
    public final DexMethod appendChar;
    public final DexMethod appendCharArray;
    public final DexMethod appendSubCharArray;
    public final DexMethod appendCharSequence;
    public final DexMethod appendSubCharSequence;
    public final DexMethod appendInt;
    public final DexMethod appendDouble;
    public final DexMethod appendFloat;
    public final DexMethod appendLong;
    public final DexMethod appendObject;
    public final DexMethod appendString;
    public final DexMethod appendStringBuffer;
    public final DexMethod charSequenceConstructor;
    public final DexMethod defaultConstructor;
    public final DexMethod intConstructor;
    public final DexMethod stringConstructor;
    public final DexMethod toString;

    private final Set<DexMethod> appendMethods;
    private final Set<DexMethod> constructorMethods;

    private StringBuildingMethods(DexType receiver) {
      DexString append = createString("append");

      appendBoolean = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, booleanType), append);
      appendChar = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, charType), append);
      appendCharArray = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, charArrayType), append);
      appendSubCharArray =
          createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, charArrayType, intType, intType), append);
      appendCharSequence = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, charSequenceType), append);
      appendSubCharSequence =
          createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, charSequenceType, intType, intType), append);
      appendInt = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, intType), append);
      appendDouble = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, doubleType), append);
      appendFloat = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, floatType), append);
      appendLong = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, longType), append);
      appendObject = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, objectType), append);
      appendString = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, stringType), append);
      appendStringBuffer = createMethod(receiver, createProto(receiver, stringBufferType), append);

      charSequenceConstructor =
          createMethod(receiver, createProto(voidType, charSequenceType), constructorMethodName);
      defaultConstructor = createMethod(receiver, createProto(voidType), constructorMethodName);
      intConstructor =
          createMethod(receiver, createProto(voidType, intType), constructorMethodName);
      stringConstructor =
          createMethod(receiver, createProto(voidType, stringType), constructorMethodName);
      toString = createMethod(receiver, createProto(stringType), toStringMethodName);

      appendMethods =
          ImmutableSet.of(
              appendBoolean,
              appendChar,
              appendCharArray,
              appendSubCharArray,
              appendCharSequence,
              appendSubCharSequence,
              appendInt,
              appendDouble,
              appendFloat,
              appendLong,
              appendObject,
              appendString,
              appendStringBuffer);
      constructorMethods =
          ImmutableSet.of(
              charSequenceConstructor, defaultConstructor, intConstructor, stringConstructor);
    }

    public boolean isAppendMethod(DexMethod method) {
      return appendMethods.contains(method);
    }

    public boolean constructorInvokeIsSideEffectFree(InvokeMethod invoke) {
      DexMethod invokedMethod = invoke.getInvokedMethod();
      if (invokedMethod == charSequenceConstructor) {
        // NullPointerException - if seq is null.
        Value seqValue = invoke.inValues().get(1);
        return !seqValue.getTypeLattice().isNullable();
      }

      if (invokedMethod == defaultConstructor) {
        return true;
      }

      if (invokedMethod == intConstructor) {
        // NegativeArraySizeException - if the capacity argument is less than 0.
        Value capacityValue = invoke.inValues().get(1);
        if (capacityValue.hasValueRange()) {
          return capacityValue.getValueRange().getMin() >= 0;
        }
        return false;
      }

      if (invokedMethod == stringConstructor) {
        // NullPointerException - if str is null.
        Value strValue = invoke.inValues().get(1);
        return !strValue.getTypeLattice().isNullable();
      }

      assert false : "Unexpected invoke targeting `" + invokedMethod.toSourceString() +  "`";
      return false;
    }
  }

  public class PolymorphicMethods {

    private final DexProto signature = createProto(objectType, objectArrayType);
    private final DexProto setSignature = createProto(voidType, objectArrayType);
    private final DexProto compareAndSetSignature = createProto(booleanType, objectArrayType);

    private final Set<DexString> varHandleMethods =
        createStrings(
            "compareAndExchange",
            "compareAndExchangeAcquire",
            "compareAndExchangeRelease",
            "get",
            "getAcquire",
            "getAndAdd",
            "getAndAddAcquire",
            "getAndAddRelease",
            "getAndBitwiseAnd",
            "getAndBitwiseAndAcquire",
            "getAndBitwiseAndRelease",
            "getAndBitwiseOr",
            "getAndBitwiseOrAcquire",
            "getAndBitwiseOrRelease",
            "getAndBitwiseXor",
            "getAndBitwiseXorAcquire",
            "getAndBitwiseXorRelease",
            "getAndSet",
            "getAndSetAcquire",
            "getAndSetRelease",
            "getOpaque",
            "getVolatile");

    private final Set<DexString> varHandleSetMethods =
        createStrings("set", "setOpaque", "setRelease", "setVolatile");

    private final Set<DexString> varHandleCompareAndSetMethods =
        createStrings(
            "compareAndSet",
            "weakCompareAndSet",
            "weakCompareAndSetAcquire",
            "weakCompareAndSetPlain",
            "weakCompareAndSetRelease");

    public DexMethod canonicalize(DexMethod invokeProto) {
      if (invokeProto.holder == methodHandleType) {
        if (invokeProto.name == invokeMethodName || invokeProto.name == invokeExactMethodName) {
          return createMethod(methodHandleType, signature, invokeProto.name);
        }
      } else if (invokeProto.holder == varHandleType) {
        if (varHandleMethods.contains(invokeProto.name)) {
          return createMethod(varHandleType, signature, invokeProto.name);
        } else if (varHandleSetMethods.contains(invokeProto.name)) {
          return createMethod(varHandleType, setSignature, invokeProto.name);
        } else if (varHandleCompareAndSetMethods.contains(invokeProto.name)) {
          return createMethod(varHandleType, compareAndSetSignature, invokeProto.name);
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

    private Set<DexString> createStrings(String... strings) {
      IdentityHashMap<DexString, DexString> map = new IdentityHashMap<>();
      for (String string : strings) {
        DexString dexString = createString(string);
        map.put(dexString, dexString);
      }
      return map.keySet();
    }
  }

  public class ProxyMethods {

    public final DexMethod newProxyInstance;

    private ProxyMethods() {
      newProxyInstance =
          createMethod(
              proxyType,
              createProto(objectType, classLoaderType, classArrayType, invocationHandlerType),
              createString("newProxyInstance"));
    }
  }

  public class ServiceLoaderMethods {

    public final DexMethod load;
    public final DexMethod loadWithClassLoader;
    public final DexMethod loadInstalled;
    public final DexMethod iterator;

    private ServiceLoaderMethods() {
      DexString loadName = createString("load");
      load = createMethod(serviceLoaderType, createProto(serviceLoaderType, classType), loadName);
      loadWithClassLoader =
          createMethod(
              serviceLoaderType,
              createProto(serviceLoaderType, classType, classLoaderType),
              loadName);
      loadInstalled =
          createMethod(
              serviceLoaderType,
              createProto(serviceLoaderType, classType),
              createString("loadInstalled"));
      iterator =
          createMethod(serviceLoaderType, createProto(iteratorType), createString("iterator"));
    }

    public boolean isLoadMethod(DexMethod method) {
      return method == load || method == loadWithClassLoader || method == loadInstalled;
    }
  }

  private static <T extends DexItem> T canonicalize(Map<T, T> map, T item) {
    assert item != null;
    assert !DexItemFactory.isInternalSentinel(item);
    T previous = map.putIfAbsent(item, item);
    return previous == null ? item : previous;
  }

  public DexString createString(int size, byte[] content) {
    assert !sorted;
    return canonicalize(strings, new DexString(size, content));
  }

  public DexString createString(String source) {
    assert !sorted;
    return canonicalize(strings, new DexString(source));
  }

  public DexString lookupString(int size, byte[] content) {
    return strings.get(new DexString(size, content));
  }

  public DexString lookupString(String source) {
    return strings.get(new DexString(source));
  }

  // Debugging support to extract marking string.
  // Find all markers.
  public synchronized List<Marker> extractMarkers() {
    // This is slow but it is not needed for any production code yet.
    List<Marker> markers = new ArrayList<>();
    for (DexString dexString : strings.keySet()) {
      Marker marker = Marker.parse(dexString);
      if (marker != null) {
        markers.add(marker);
      }
    }
    return markers;
  }

  // Non-synchronized internal create.
  private DexType internalCreateType(DexString descriptor) {
    assert !sorted;
    assert descriptor != null;
    DexType result = types.get(descriptor);
    if (result == null) {
      result = new DexType(descriptor);
      assert result.isArrayType()
          || result.isClassType()
          || result.isPrimitiveType()
          || result.isVoidType();
      assert !isInternalSentinel(result);
      types.put(descriptor, result);
    }
    return result;
  }

  private DexType createStaticallyKnownType(String descriptor) {
    return createStaticallyKnownType(createString(descriptor));
  }

  private DexType createStaticallyKnownType(DexString descriptor) {
    DexType type = internalCreateType(descriptor);
    // Conservatively add all statically known types to "compiler synthesized types set".
    addPossiblySynthesizedType(type);
    return type;
  }

  // Safe synchronized external create. May be used for statically known types in synthetic code.
  // See the generated BackportedMethods.java for reference.
  public synchronized DexType createSynthesizedType(String descriptor) {
    DexType type = internalCreateType(createString(descriptor));
    addPossiblySynthesizedType(type);
    return type;
  }

  private void addPossiblySynthesizedType(DexType type) {
    if (type.isArrayType()) {
      type = type.toBaseType(this);
    }
    if (type.isClassType()) {
      possibleCompilerSynthesizedTypes.add(type);
    }
  }

  public void forEachPossiblyCompilerSynthesizedType(Consumer<DexType> fn) {
    possibleCompilerSynthesizedTypes.forEach(fn);
  }

  // Safe synchronized external create. Should never be used to create a statically known type!
  public synchronized DexType createType(DexString descriptor) {
    return internalCreateType(descriptor);
  }

  public DexType createType(String descriptor) {
    return createType(createString(descriptor));
  }

  public DexType lookupType(DexString descriptor) {
    return types.get(descriptor);
  }

  public DexType createArrayType(int nesting, DexType baseType) {
    assert nesting > 0;
    return createType(Strings.repeat("[", nesting) + baseType.toDescriptorString());
  }

  public DexField createField(DexType clazz, DexType type, DexString name) {
    assert !sorted;
    DexField field = new DexField(clazz, type, name, skipNameValidationForTesting);
    return canonicalize(fields, field);
  }

  public DexField createField(DexType clazz, DexType type, String name) {
    return createField(clazz, type, createString(name));
  }

  public DexProto createProto(DexType returnType, DexTypeList parameters, DexString shorty) {
    assert !sorted;
    DexProto proto = new DexProto(shorty, returnType, parameters);
    return canonicalize(protos, proto);
  }

  public DexProto createProto(DexType returnType, DexType... parameters) {
    assert !sorted;
    return createProto(
        returnType,
        parameters.length == 0 ? DexTypeList.empty() : new DexTypeList(parameters),
        createShorty(returnType, parameters));
  }

  public DexProto createProto(DexType returnType, List<DexType> parameters) {
    return createProto(returnType, parameters.toArray(DexType.EMPTY_ARRAY));
  }

  public DexProto protoWithDifferentFirstParameter(DexProto proto, DexType firstParameter) {
    DexType[] parameterTypes = proto.parameters.values.clone();
    parameterTypes[0] = firstParameter;
    return createProto(proto.returnType, parameterTypes);
  }

  public DexProto prependTypeToProto(DexType extraFirstType, DexProto initialProto) {
    DexType[] parameterTypes = new DexType[initialProto.parameters.size() + 1];
    parameterTypes[0] = extraFirstType;
    System.arraycopy(
        initialProto.parameters.values, 0, parameterTypes, 1, initialProto.parameters.size());
    return createProto(initialProto.returnType, parameterTypes);
  }

  public DexProto appendTypeToProto(DexProto initialProto, DexType extraLastType) {
    DexType[] parameterTypes = new DexType[initialProto.parameters.size() + 1];
    System.arraycopy(
        initialProto.parameters.values, 0, parameterTypes, 0, initialProto.parameters.size());
    parameterTypes[parameterTypes.length - 1] = extraLastType;
    return createProto(initialProto.returnType, parameterTypes);
  }

  public DexProto applyClassMappingToProto(
      DexProto proto, Function<DexType, DexType> mapping, Map<DexProto, DexProto> cache) {
    assert cache != null;
    DexProto result = cache.get(proto);
    if (result == null) {
      DexType returnType = mapping.apply(proto.returnType);
      DexType[] parameters = applyClassMappingToDexTypes(proto.parameters.values, mapping);
      if (returnType == proto.returnType && parameters == proto.parameters.values) {
        result = proto;
      } else {
        // Should be different if reference has changed.
        assert returnType == proto.returnType || !returnType.equals(proto.returnType);
        assert parameters == proto.parameters.values
            || !Arrays.equals(parameters, proto.parameters.values);
        result = createProto(returnType, parameters);
      }
      cache.put(proto, result);
    }
    return result;
  }

  private static DexType[] applyClassMappingToDexTypes(
      DexType[] types, Function<DexType, DexType> mapping) {
    Map<Integer, DexType> changed = new Int2ReferenceArrayMap<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
      DexType applied = mapping.apply(types[i]);
      if (applied != types[i]) {
        changed.put(i, applied);
      }
    }
    return changed.isEmpty()
        ? types
        : ArrayUtils.copyWithSparseChanges(DexType[].class, types, changed);
  }

  private DexString createShorty(DexType returnType, DexType[] argumentTypes) {
    StringBuilder shortyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    shortyBuilder.append(returnType.toShorty());
    for (DexType argumentType : argumentTypes) {
      shortyBuilder.append(argumentType.toShorty());
    }
    return createString(shortyBuilder.toString());
  }

  public DexMethod createMethod(DexType holder, DexProto proto, DexString name) {
    assert !sorted;
    DexMethod method = new DexMethod(holder, proto, name, skipNameValidationForTesting);
    return canonicalize(methods, method);
  }

  public DexMethod createMethod(DexType holder, DexProto proto, String name) {
    return createMethod(holder, proto, createString(name));
  }

  public DexMethodHandle createMethodHandle(
      MethodHandleType type,
      DexMember<? extends DexItem, ? extends DexMember<?, ?>> fieldOrMethod,
      boolean isInterface) {
    assert !sorted;
    DexMethodHandle methodHandle = new DexMethodHandle(type, fieldOrMethod, isInterface);
    return canonicalize(methodHandles, methodHandle);
  }

  public DexCallSite createCallSite(
      DexString methodName,
      DexProto methodProto,
      DexMethodHandle bootstrapMethod,
      List<DexValue> bootstrapArgs) {
    // Call sites are never equal and therefore we do not canonicalize.
    assert !sorted;
    return new DexCallSite(methodName, methodProto, bootstrapMethod, bootstrapArgs);
  }

  public DexMethod createMethod(
      DexString clazzDescriptor,
      DexString name,
      DexString returnTypeDescriptor,
      DexString[] parameterDescriptors) {
    assert !sorted;
    DexType clazz = createType(clazzDescriptor);
    DexType returnType = createType(returnTypeDescriptor);
    DexType[] parameterTypes = new DexType[parameterDescriptors.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < parameterDescriptors.length; i++) {
      parameterTypes[i] = createType(parameterDescriptors[i]);
    }
    DexProto proto = createProto(returnType, parameterTypes);

    return createMethod(clazz, proto, name);
  }

  public AdvanceLine createAdvanceLine(int delta) {
    synchronized (advanceLines) {
      return advanceLines.computeIfAbsent(delta, AdvanceLine::new);
    }
  }

  public AdvancePC createAdvancePC(int delta) {
    synchronized (advancePCs) {
      return advancePCs.computeIfAbsent(delta, AdvancePC::new);
    }
  }

  public Default createDefault(int value) {
    synchronized (defaults) {
      return defaults.computeIfAbsent(value, Default::new);
    }
  }

  public EndLocal createEndLocal(int registerNum) {
    synchronized (endLocals) {
      return endLocals.computeIfAbsent(registerNum, EndLocal::new);
    }
  }

  public RestartLocal createRestartLocal(int registerNum) {
    synchronized (restartLocals) {
      return restartLocals.computeIfAbsent(registerNum, RestartLocal::new);
    }
  }

  public SetEpilogueBegin createSetEpilogueBegin() {
    return setEpilogueBegin;
  }

  public SetPrologueEnd createSetPrologueEnd() {
    return setPrologueEnd;
  }

  public SetFile createSetFile(DexString fileName) {
    synchronized (setFiles) {
      return setFiles.computeIfAbsent(fileName, SetFile::new);
    }
  }

  // TODO(tamaskenez) b/69024229 Measure if canonicalization is worth it.
  public SetInlineFrame createSetInlineFrame(DexMethod callee, Position caller) {
    synchronized (setInlineFrames) {
      return setInlineFrames.computeIfAbsent(new SetInlineFrame(callee, caller), p -> p);
    }
  }

  public boolean isConstructor(DexMethod method) {
    return method.name == constructorMethodName;
  }

  public boolean isClassConstructor(DexMethod method) {
    return method.name == classConstructorMethodName;
  }

  public void clearTypeLatticeElementsCache() {
    referenceTypeLatticeElements.clear();
    classTypeLatticeInterfaces.clear();
    leastUpperBoundOfInterfacesTable.clear();
  }

  public boolean verifyNoCachedTypeLatticeElements() {
    assert referenceTypeLatticeElements.isEmpty();
    assert classTypeLatticeInterfaces.isEmpty();
    assert leastUpperBoundOfInterfacesTable.isEmpty();
    return true;
  }

  public ReferenceTypeLatticeElement createReferenceTypeLatticeElement(
      DexType type, Nullability nullability, AppView<?> appView) {
    // Class case:
    // If two concurrent threads will try to create the same class-type the concurrent hash map will
    // synchronize on the type in .computeIfAbsent and only a single class type is created.
    //
    // Array case:
    // Arrays will create a lattice element for its base type thus we take special care here.
    // Multiple threads may race recursively to create a base type. We have two cases:
    // (i)  If base type is class type and the threads will race to create the class type but only a
    //      single one will be created (Class case).
    // (ii) If base is ArrayLattice case we can use our induction hypothesis to get that only one
    //      element is created for us up to this case. Threads will now race to return from the
    //      latest recursive call and fight to get access to .computeIfAbsent to add the
    //      ArrayTypeLatticeElement but only one will enter. The property that only one
    //      ArrayTypeLatticeElement is created per level therefore holds inductively.
    TypeLatticeElement memberType = null;
    if (type.isArrayType()) {
      ReferenceTypeLatticeElement existing = referenceTypeLatticeElements.get(type);
      if (existing != null) {
        return existing.getOrCreateVariant(nullability);
      }
      memberType =
          TypeLatticeElement.fromDexType(
              type.toArrayElementType(this), Nullability.maybeNull(), appView, true);
    }
    TypeLatticeElement finalMemberType = memberType;
    return referenceTypeLatticeElements
        .computeIfAbsent(
            type,
            t -> {
              if (type.isClassType()) {
                if (!appView.enableWholeProgramOptimizations()) {
                  // Don't reason at the level of interfaces in D8.
                  return ClassTypeLatticeElement.create(type, nullability, Collections.emptySet());
                }
                assert appView.appInfo().hasSubtyping();
                if (appView.isInterface(type).isTrue()) {
                  return ClassTypeLatticeElement.create(
                      objectType, nullability, Collections.singleton(type));
                }
                // In theory, `interfaces` is the least upper bound of implemented interfaces.
                // It is expensive to walk through type hierarchy; collect implemented interfaces;
                // and compute the least upper bound of two interface sets. Hence, lazy
                // computations. Most likely during lattice join. See {@link
                // ClassTypeLatticeElement#getInterfaces}.
                return ClassTypeLatticeElement.create(type, nullability, appView.withSubtyping());
              }
              assert type.isArrayType();
              return ArrayTypeLatticeElement.create(finalMemberType, nullability);
            })
        .getOrCreateVariant(nullability);
  }

  public Set<DexType> getOrComputeLeastUpperBoundOfImplementedInterfaces(
      DexType type, AppView<? extends AppInfoWithSubtyping> appView) {
    return classTypeLatticeInterfaces
        .computeIfAbsent(
            type,
            t -> {
              Set<DexType> itfs = appView.appInfo().implementedInterfaces(t);
              return computeLeastUpperBoundOfInterfaces(appView, itfs, itfs);
            }
        );
  }

  private static <S extends PresortedComparable<S>> void assignSortedIndices(Collection<S> items,
      NamingLens namingLens) {
    List<S> sorted = new ArrayList<>(items);
    sorted.sort((a, b) -> a.layeredCompareTo(b, namingLens));
    int i = 0;
    for (S value : sorted) {
      value.setSortedIndex(i++);
    }
  }

  synchronized public void sort(NamingLens namingLens) {
    assert !sorted;
    assignSortedIndices(strings.values(), namingLens);
    assignSortedIndices(types.values(), namingLens);
    assignSortedIndices(fields.values(), namingLens);
    assignSortedIndices(protos.values(), namingLens);
    assignSortedIndices(methods.values(), namingLens);
    sorted = true;
  }

  synchronized public void resetSortedIndices() {
    if (!sorted) {
      return;
    }
    // Only used for asserting that we don't use the sorted index after we build the graph.
    strings.values().forEach(IndexedDexItem::resetSortedIndex);
    types.values().forEach(IndexedDexItem::resetSortedIndex);
    fields.values().forEach(IndexedDexItem::resetSortedIndex);
    protos.values().forEach(IndexedDexItem::resetSortedIndex);
    methods.values().forEach(IndexedDexItem::resetSortedIndex);
    sorted = false;
  }

  synchronized public void forAllTypes(Consumer<DexType> f) {
    new ArrayList<>(types.values()).forEach(f);
  }
}