// Copyright (c) 2016, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package com.android.tools.r8.ir.conversion;

import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.Nullability.definitelyNotNull;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.Nullability.maybeNull;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getBottom;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getDouble;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getFloat;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getInt;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getLong;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getNull;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getSingle;
import static com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement.getWide;

import com.android.tools.r8.ApiLevelException;
import com.android.tools.r8.cf.CfVersion;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.CompilationError;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.InternalCompilerError;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.InvalidDebugInfoException;
import com.android.tools.r8.errors.Unreachable;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.AppView;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DebugLocalInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexCallSite;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexEncodedMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexField;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexItem;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexMethodHandle;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexProto;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexReference;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexString;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.DexType;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.ProgramMethod;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.RewrittenPrototypeDescription;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.RewrittenPrototypeDescription.ArgumentInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.RewrittenPrototypeDescription.ArgumentInfoCollection;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.RewrittenPrototypeDescription.RemovedArgumentInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.graph.RewrittenPrototypeDescription.RewrittenTypeInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.Nullability;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.PrimitiveTypeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeAnalysis;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.analysis.type.TypeElement;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Add;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.And;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Argument;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ArrayGet;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ArrayLength;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ArrayPut;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.BasicBlock;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.BasicBlock.EdgeType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.BasicBlock.ThrowingInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.CatchHandlers;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.CheckCast;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Cmp;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Cmp.Bias;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ConstClass;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ConstMethodHandle;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ConstMethodType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ConstNumber;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ConstString;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.DebugLocalRead;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.DebugLocalUninitialized;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.DebugLocalWrite;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.DebugPosition;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.DexItemBasedConstString;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Div;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Goto;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.IRCode;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.IRMetadata;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.If;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ImpreciseMemberTypeInstruction;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InitClass;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InstanceGet;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InstanceOf;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InstancePut;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Instruction;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InstructionListIterator;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.IntSwitch;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Invoke;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Invoke.Type;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.InvokeCustom;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.JumpInstruction;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.MemberType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Monitor;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.MoveException;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Mul;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Neg;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NewArrayEmpty;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NewArrayFilledData;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NewInstance;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Not;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NumberConversion;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NumberGenerator;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.NumericType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Or;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Phi;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Phi.RegisterReadType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Phi.StackMapPhi;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Position;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Rem;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Return;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Shl;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Shr;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.StaticGet;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.StaticPut;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Sub;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Throw;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Ushr;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Value;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ValueType;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.ValueTypeConstraint;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.code.Xor;
import com.android.tools.r8.ir.optimize.info.CallSiteOptimizationInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.logging.Log;
import com.android.tools.r8.naming.dexitembasedstring.NameComputationInfo;
import com.android.tools.r8.origin.Origin;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.AndroidApiLevel;
import com.android.tools.r8.utils.Pair;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceAVLTreeMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ReferenceSortedMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArraySet;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntIterator;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntList;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntSet;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntOpenHashMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;

/**
 * Builder object for constructing high-level IR from dex bytecode.
 *
 * <p>The generated IR is in SSA form. The SSA construction is based on the paper
 * "Simple and Efficient Construction of Static Single Assignment Form" available at
 * http://compilers.cs.uni-saarland.de/papers/bbhlmz13cc.pdf
 */
public class IRBuilder {

  public static final int INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET = -1;

  private static TypeElement fromMemberType(MemberType type) {
    switch (type) {
      case BOOLEAN_OR_BYTE:
      case CHAR:
      case SHORT:
      case INT:
        return getInt();
      case FLOAT:
        return getFloat();
      case INT_OR_FLOAT:
        return getSingle();
      case LONG:
        return getLong();
      case DOUBLE:
        return getDouble();
      case LONG_OR_DOUBLE:
        return getWide();
      case OBJECT:
        // For object types, we delay the exact type computation until done building.
        return getBottom();
      default:
        throw new Unreachable("Unexpected member type: " + type);
    }
  }

  // SSA construction uses a worklist of basic blocks reachable from the entry and their
  // instruction offsets.
  private static class WorklistItem {

    private final BasicBlock block;
    private final int firstInstructionIndex;

    private WorklistItem(BasicBlock block, int firstInstructionIndex) {
      assert block != null;
      this.block = block;
      this.firstInstructionIndex = firstInstructionIndex;
    }
  }

  private static class MoveExceptionWorklistItem extends WorklistItem {

    private final DexType guard;
    private final int sourceOffset;
    private final int targetOffset;

    private MoveExceptionWorklistItem(
        BasicBlock block, DexType guard, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset) {
      super(block, -1);
      this.guard = guard;
      this.sourceOffset = sourceOffset;
      this.targetOffset = targetOffset;
    }
  }

  private static class SplitBlockWorklistItem extends WorklistItem {

    private final int sourceOffset;
    private final int targetOffset;
    private final Position position;

    public SplitBlockWorklistItem(
        int firstInstructionIndex,
        BasicBlock block,
        Position position,
        int sourceOffset,
        int targetOffset) {
      super(block, firstInstructionIndex);
      this.position = position;
      this.sourceOffset = sourceOffset;
      this.targetOffset = targetOffset;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Representation of lists of values that can be used as keys in maps. A list of values is equal
   * to another list of values if it contains exactly the same values in the same order.
   */
  private static class ValueList {

    private final List<Value> values = new ArrayList<>();

    /**
     * Creates a ValueList of all the operands at the given index in the list of phis.
     */
    public static ValueList fromPhis(List<Phi> phis, int index) {
      ValueList result = new ValueList();
      for (Phi phi : phis) {
        result.values.add(phi.getOperand(index));
      }
      return result;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return values.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object other) {
      if (!(other instanceof ValueList)) {
        return false;
      }
      ValueList o = (ValueList) other;
      if (o.values.size() != values.size()) {
        return false;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
        if (values.get(i) != o.values.get(i)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }
  }

  public static class BlockInfo {

    BasicBlock block = new BasicBlock();
    IntSet normalPredecessors = new IntArraySet();
    IntSet normalSuccessors = new IntArraySet();
    IntSet exceptionalPredecessors = new IntArraySet();
    IntSet exceptionalSuccessors = new IntArraySet();

    void addNormalPredecessor(int offset) {
      normalPredecessors.add(offset);
    }

    void addNormalSuccessor(int offset) {
      normalSuccessors.add(offset);
    }

    void replaceNormalPredecessor(int existing, int replacement) {
      normalPredecessors.remove(existing);
      normalPredecessors.add(replacement);
    }

    void addExceptionalPredecessor(int offset) {
      exceptionalPredecessors.add(offset);
    }

    void addExceptionalSuccessor(int offset) {
      exceptionalSuccessors.add(offset);
    }

    int predecessorCount() {
      return normalPredecessors.size() + exceptionalPredecessors.size();
    }

    IntSet allSuccessors() {
      IntSet all = new IntArraySet(normalSuccessors.size() + exceptionalSuccessors.size());
      all.addAll(normalSuccessors);
      all.addAll(exceptionalSuccessors);
      return all;
    }

    boolean hasMoreThanASingleNormalExit() {
      return normalSuccessors.size() > 1
          || (normalSuccessors.size() == 1 && !exceptionalSuccessors.isEmpty());
    }

    BlockInfo split(
        int blockStartOffset, int fallthroughOffset, Int2ReferenceMap<BlockInfo> targets) {
      BlockInfo fallthroughInfo = new BlockInfo();
      fallthroughInfo.normalPredecessors = new IntArraySet(Collections.singleton(blockStartOffset));
      fallthroughInfo.block.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
      // Move all normal successors to the fallthrough block.
      IntIterator normalSuccessorIterator = normalSuccessors.iterator();
      while (normalSuccessorIterator.hasNext()) {
        BlockInfo normalSuccessor = targets.get(normalSuccessorIterator.nextInt());
        normalSuccessor.replaceNormalPredecessor(blockStartOffset, fallthroughOffset);
      }
      fallthroughInfo.normalSuccessors = normalSuccessors;
      normalSuccessors = new IntArraySet(Collections.singleton(fallthroughOffset));
      // Copy all exceptional successors to the fallthrough block.
      IntIterator exceptionalSuccessorIterator = fallthroughInfo.exceptionalSuccessors.iterator();
      while (exceptionalSuccessorIterator.hasNext()) {
        BlockInfo exceptionalSuccessor = targets.get(exceptionalSuccessorIterator.nextInt());
        exceptionalSuccessor.addExceptionalPredecessor(fallthroughOffset);
      }
      fallthroughInfo.exceptionalSuccessors = new IntArraySet(this.exceptionalSuccessors);
      return fallthroughInfo;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      StringBuilder stringBuilder =
          new StringBuilder()
              .append("block ")
              .append(block.getNumberAsString())
              .append(" predecessors: ");
      String sep = "";
      for (int offset : normalPredecessors) {
        stringBuilder.append(sep).append(offset);
        sep = ", ";
      }
      for (int offset : exceptionalPredecessors) {
        stringBuilder.append(sep).append('*').append(offset);
        sep = ", ";
      }
      stringBuilder.append(" successors: ");
      sep = "";
      for (int offset : normalSuccessors) {
        stringBuilder.append(sep).append(offset);
        sep = ", ";
      }
      for (int offset : exceptionalSuccessors) {
        stringBuilder.append(sep).append('*').append(offset);
        sep = ", ";
      }
      return stringBuilder.toString();
    }
  }

  // Mapping from instruction offsets to basic-block targets.
  private final Int2ReferenceSortedMap<BlockInfo> targets = new Int2ReferenceAVLTreeMap<>();
  private final Reference2IntMap<BasicBlock> offsets = new Reference2IntOpenHashMap<>();

  // Worklist of reachable blocks.
  private final Queue<Integer> traceBlocksWorklist = new LinkedList<>();

  // Bitmap to ensure we don't process an instruction more than once.
  private boolean[] processedInstructions = null;

  // Bitmap of processed subroutine instructions. Lazily allocated off the fast-path.
  private Set<Integer> processedSubroutineInstructions = null;

  // Worklist for SSA construction.
  private final Queue<WorklistItem> ssaWorklist = new LinkedList<>();

  // Basic blocks. Added after processing from the worklist.
  private final LinkedList<BasicBlock> blocks = new LinkedList<>();

  private BasicBlock entryBlock = null;
  private BasicBlock currentBlock = null;
  private int currentInstructionOffset = -1;

  private final NumberGenerator valueNumberGenerator;
  private final NumberGenerator basicBlockNumberGenerator;
  private final ProgramMethod method;
  private ProgramMethod context;
  public final AppView<?> appView;
  private final Origin origin;
  private final RewrittenPrototypeDescription prototypeChanges;
  private Value receiverValue;
  private List<Value> argumentValues;

  private List<Instruction> pendingArgumentInstructions;

  // Source code to build IR from. Null if already built.
  private SourceCode source;

  private boolean throwingInstructionInCurrentBlock = false;

  // Pending local reads.
  private Value previousLocalValue = null;
  private final List<Value> debugLocalEnds = new ArrayList<>();

  // Lazily populated list of local values that are referenced without being actually defined.
  private Int2ReferenceMap<List<Value>> uninitializedDebugLocalValues = null;

  // Flag indicating if any instructions have imprecise internal types (eg, int|float member types)
  private List<ImpreciseMemberTypeInstruction> impreciseInstructions = null;

  // Flag indicating if any values have imprecise types.
  private boolean hasImpreciseValues = false;

  // Flag indicating incorrect reading of stack map phi types.
  private boolean hasIncorrectStackMapTypes = false;

  // Information about which kinds of instructions that may be present in the IR. This information
  // is sound (i.e., if the IR has a const-string instruction then metadata.mayHaveConstString()
  // returns true) but not necessarily complete (i.e., if metadata.mayHaveConstString() returns true
  // then the IR does not necessarily contain a const-string instruction).
  private final IRMetadata metadata = new IRMetadata();

  public static IRBuilder create(
      ProgramMethod method, AppView<?> appView, SourceCode source, Origin origin) {
    return new IRBuilder(
        method,
        appView,
        source,
        origin,
        lookupPrototypeChanges(appView, method),
        new NumberGenerator());
  }

  public static IRBuilder createForInlining(
      ProgramMethod method,
      AppView<?> appView,
      SourceCode source,
      Origin origin,
      MethodProcessor processor,
      NumberGenerator valueNumberGenerator) {
    RewrittenPrototypeDescription protoChanges =
        processor.shouldApplyCodeRewritings(method)
            ? lookupPrototypeChanges(appView, method)
            : RewrittenPrototypeDescription.none();
    return new IRBuilder(method, appView, source, origin, protoChanges, valueNumberGenerator);
  }

  private static RewrittenPrototypeDescription lookupPrototypeChanges(
      AppView<?> appView, ProgramMethod method) {
    RewrittenPrototypeDescription prototypeChanges =
        appView.graphLens().lookupPrototypeChangesForMethodDefinition(method.getReference());
    if (Log.ENABLED && prototypeChanges.getArgumentInfoCollection().hasRemovedArguments()) {
      Log.info(
          IRBuilder.class,
          "Removed "
              + prototypeChanges.getArgumentInfoCollection().numberOfRemovedArguments()
              + " arguments from "
              + method.toSourceString());
    }
    return prototypeChanges;
  }

  private IRBuilder(
      ProgramMethod method,
      AppView<?> appView,
      SourceCode source,
      Origin origin,
      RewrittenPrototypeDescription prototypeChanges,
      NumberGenerator valueNumberGenerator) {
    assert source != null;
    assert valueNumberGenerator != null;
    this.method = method;
    this.appView = appView;
    this.source = source;
    this.origin = origin;
    this.prototypeChanges = prototypeChanges;
    this.valueNumberGenerator = valueNumberGenerator;
    this.basicBlockNumberGenerator = new NumberGenerator();
  }

  public DexEncodedMethod getMethod() {
    return method.getDefinition();
  }

  public ProgramMethod getProgramMethod() {
    return method;
  }

  public RewrittenPrototypeDescription getPrototypeChanges() {
    return prototypeChanges;
  }

  public boolean isDebugMode() {
    return appView.options().debug || getMethod().getOptimizationInfo().isReachabilitySensitive();
  }

  public Int2ReferenceSortedMap<BlockInfo> getCFG() {
    return targets;
  }

  public List<Value> getArgumentValues() {
    assert pendingArgumentInstructions == null || pendingArgumentInstructions.isEmpty();
    return argumentValues;
  }

  public Value getReceiverValue() {
    return receiverValue;
  }

  private void addToWorklist(BasicBlock block, int firstInstructionIndex) {
    // TODO(ager): Filter out the ones that are already in the worklist, mark bit in block?
    if (!block.isFilled()) {
      ssaWorklist.add(new WorklistItem(block, firstInstructionIndex));
    }
  }

  private void setCurrentBlock(BasicBlock block) {
    currentBlock = block;
  }

  public void buildArgumentsWithRewrittenPrototypeChanges(
      int register, DexEncodedMethod method, BiConsumer<Integer, DexType> writeCallback) {
    ArgumentInfoCollection argumentsInfo = prototypeChanges.getArgumentInfoCollection();

    // Fill in the Argument instructions (incomingRegisterSize last registers) in the argument
    // block.
    int argumentIndex = 0;

    if (!method.isStatic()) {
      writeCallback.accept(register, method.getHolderType());
      addThisArgument(register);
      argumentIndex++;
      register++;
    }

    int originalNumberOfArguments =
        method.method.proto.parameters.values.length
            + argumentsInfo.numberOfRemovedArguments()
            + (method.isStatic() ? 0 : 1)
            - prototypeChanges.numberOfExtraParameters();

    int usedArgumentIndex = 0;
    while (argumentIndex < originalNumberOfArguments) {
      TypeElement type;
      ArgumentInfo argumentInfo = argumentsInfo.getArgumentInfo(argumentIndex);
      if (argumentInfo.isRemovedArgumentInfo()) {
        RemovedArgumentInfo removedArgumentInfo = argumentInfo.asRemovedArgumentInfo();
        writeCallback.accept(register, removedArgumentInfo.getType());
        type =
            TypeElement.fromDexType(
                removedArgumentInfo.getType(), Nullability.maybeNull(), appView);
        addConstantOrUnusedArgument(register, removedArgumentInfo);
      } else {
        DexType argType;
        if (argumentInfo.isRewrittenTypeInfo()) {
          RewrittenTypeInfo argumentRewrittenTypeInfo = argumentInfo.asRewrittenTypeInfo();
          assert method.method.proto.getParameter(usedArgumentIndex)
              == argumentRewrittenTypeInfo.getNewType();
          // The old type is used to prevent that a changed value from reference to primitive
          // type breaks IR building. Rewriting from the old to the new type will be done in the
          // IRConverter (typically through the lensCodeRewriter).
          argType = argumentRewrittenTypeInfo.getOldType();
        } else {
          argType = method.method.proto.getParameter(usedArgumentIndex);
        }
        usedArgumentIndex++;
        writeCallback.accept(register, argType);
        type = TypeElement.fromDexType(argType, Nullability.maybeNull(), appView);
        if (argType.isBooleanType()) {
          addBooleanNonThisArgument(register);
        } else {
          addNonThisArgument(register, type);
        }
      }
      register += type.requiredRegisters();
      argumentIndex++;
    }

    for (ExtraParameter extraParameter : prototypeChanges.getExtraParameters()) {
      DexType argType = method.method.proto.getParameter(usedArgumentIndex);
      TypeElement type = extraParameter.getTypeElement(appView, argType);
      register += type.requiredRegisters();
      usedArgumentIndex++;
      if (extraParameter instanceof ExtraUnusedNullParameter) {
        assert argType.isClassType();
        addExtraUnusedNullArgument(register);
      } else {
        addNonThisArgument(register, type);
      }
    }

    flushArgumentInstructions();
  }

  /**
   * Build the high-level IR in SSA form.
   *
   * @param context Under what context this IRCode is built. Either the current method or caller.
   * @return The list of basic blocks. First block is the main entry.
   */
  public IRCode build(ProgramMethod context) {
    assert source != null;
    source.setUp();

    this.context = context;

    // Create entry block (at a non-targetable address).
    BlockInfo initialBlockInfo = new BlockInfo();
    targets.put(INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET, initialBlockInfo);
    offsets.put(initialBlockInfo.block, INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET);

    // Process reachable code paths starting from instruction 0.
    int instCount = source.instructionCount();
    processedInstructions = new boolean[instCount];
    traceBlocksWorklist.add(0);
    while (!traceBlocksWorklist.isEmpty()) {
      int startOfBlockOffset = traceBlocksWorklist.remove();
      int startOfBlockIndex = source.instructionIndex(startOfBlockOffset);
      // Check that the block has not been processed after being added.
      if (isIndexProcessed(startOfBlockIndex)) {
        continue;
      }
      // Process each instruction until the block is closed.
      for (int index = startOfBlockIndex; index < instCount; ++index) {
        markIndexProcessed(index);
        int closedAt = source.traceInstruction(index, this);
        if (closedAt != -1) {
          if (closedAt + 1 < instCount) {
            ensureBlockWithoutEnqueuing(source.instructionOffset(closedAt + 1));
          }
          break;
        }
        // If the next instruction starts a block, fall through to it.
        if (index + 1 < instCount) {
          int nextOffset = source.instructionOffset(index + 1);
          if (targets.get(nextOffset) != null) {
            ensureNormalSuccessorBlock(startOfBlockOffset, nextOffset);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    processedInstructions = null;

    setCurrentBlock(targets.get(INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET).block);
    entryBlock = currentBlock;
    source.buildPrelude(this);

    // Process normal blocks reachable from the entry block using a worklist of reachable
    // blocks.
    addToWorklist(currentBlock, 0);
    processWorklist();

    // Check that the last block is closed and does not fall off the end.
    assert currentBlock == null;

    // Verify that we have properly filled all blocks
    // Must be after handle-catch (which has delayed edges),
    // but before handle-exit (which does not maintain predecessor counts).
    assert verifyFilledPredecessors();

    // Insert debug positions so all position changes are marked by an explicit instruction.
    insertDebugPositions();

    // Insert definitions for all uninitialized local values.
    if (uninitializedDebugLocalValues != null) {
      Position position = entryBlock.getPosition();
      InstructionListIterator it = entryBlock.listIterator(metadata);
      it.nextUntil(i -> !i.isArgument());
      it.previous();
      for (List<Value> values : uninitializedDebugLocalValues.values()) {
        for (Value value : values) {
          if (value.isUsed()) {
            Instruction def = new DebugLocalUninitialized(value);
            def.setBlock(entryBlock);
            def.setPosition(position);
            it.add(def);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Clear all reaching definitions to free up memory (and avoid invalid use).
    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      block.clearCurrentDefinitions();
    }

    // Join predecessors for which all phis have the same inputs. This avoids generating the
    // same phi moves in multiple blocks.
    joinPredecessorsWithIdenticalPhis();

    // Package up the IR code.
    IRCode ir =
        new IRCode(
            appView.options(),
            method,
            blocks,
            valueNumberGenerator,
            basicBlockNumberGenerator,
            metadata,
            origin);

    // Verify critical edges are split so we have a place to insert phi moves if necessary.
    assert ir.verifySplitCriticalEdges();

    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      block.deduplicatePhis();
    }

    ir.removeAllDeadAndTrivialPhis(this);
    ir.removeUnreachableBlocks();

    // Compute precise types for all values.
    if (hasImpreciseValues || impreciseInstructions != null) {
      // In DEX we may need to constrain all values and instructions to precise types.
      assert source instanceof DexSourceCode;
      new TypeConstraintResolver(appView, this).resolve(impreciseInstructions, ir);
    } else if (!canUseStackMapTypes() || hasIncorrectStackMapTypes) {
      // TODO(b/169137397): We may have ended up generating StackMapPhi's before concluding
      //  having incorrect stack map types. Figure out a way to clean that up.
      new TypeAnalysis(appView).widening(ir);
    } else {
      assert canUseStackMapTypes() && !hasIncorrectStackMapTypes;
      assert allPhisAreStackMapPhis(ir);
      new TypeAnalysis(appView).narrowing(ir);
    }

    // Update the IR code if collected call site optimization info has something useful.
    // While aggregation of parameter information at call sites would be more precise than static
    // types, those could be still less precise at one single call site, where specific arguments
    // will be passed during (double) inlining. Instead of adding assumptions and removing invalid
    // ones, it's better not to insert assumptions for inlinee in the beginning.
    CallSiteOptimizationInfo callSiteOptimizationInfo = getMethod().getCallSiteOptimizationInfo();
    if (method == context && appView.callSiteOptimizationInfoPropagator() != null) {
      appView.callSiteOptimizationInfoPropagator()
          .applyCallSiteOptimizationInfo(ir, callSiteOptimizationInfo);
    }

    if (appView.options().isStringSwitchConversionEnabled()) {
      StringSwitchConverter.convertToStringSwitchInstructions(ir, appView.dexItemFactory());
    }

    assert ir.isConsistentSSA();

    // Clear the code so we don't build multiple times.
    source.clear();
    source = null;
    return ir;
  }

  public boolean canUseStackMapTypes() {
    // TODO(b/168592290): See if we can get using stack map types to work with R8.
    return !appView.enableWholeProgramOptimizations() && source.hasValidTypesFromStackMap();
  }

  private boolean allPhisAreStackMapPhis(IRCode ir) {
    ir.instructions()
        .forEach(
            instruction -> {
              assert !instruction.isPhi() || instruction.isStackMapPhi();
            });
    return true;
  }

  public void constrainType(Value value, ValueTypeConstraint constraint) {
    value.constrainType(constraint, method.getReference(), origin, appView.options().reporter);
  }

  private void addImpreciseInstruction(ImpreciseMemberTypeInstruction instruction) {
    if (impreciseInstructions == null) {
      impreciseInstructions = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    impreciseInstructions.add(instruction);
  }

  private void insertDebugPositions() {
    if (!isDebugMode()) {
      return;
    }
    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      InstructionListIterator it = block.listIterator(metadata);
      Position current = null;
      while (it.hasNext()) {
        Instruction instruction = it.next();
        Position position = instruction.getPosition();
        if (instruction.isMoveException()) {
          assert current == null;
          current = position;
        } else if (instruction.isDebugPosition()) {
          if (position.equals(current)) {
            it.removeOrReplaceByDebugLocalRead();
          } else {
            current = position;
          }
        } else if (position.isSome() && !position.synthetic && !position.equals(current)) {
          DebugPosition positionChange = new DebugPosition();
          positionChange.setPosition(position);
          it.previous();
          it.add(positionChange);
          it.next();
          current = position;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private boolean verifyFilledPredecessors() {
    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      assert verifyFilledPredecessors(block);
    }
    return true;
  }

  private boolean verifyFilledPredecessors(BasicBlock block) {
    assert block.verifyFilledPredecessors();
    // TODO(zerny): Consider moving the validation of the initial control-flow graph to after its
    // construction and prior to building the IR.
    for (BlockInfo info : targets.values()) {
      if (info != null && info.block == block) {
        assert info.predecessorCount() == nonSplitPredecessorCount(block);
        assert info.normalSuccessors.size() == block.getNormalSuccessors().size();
        if (!block.hasCatchHandlers()) {
          assert !block.canThrow()
              || info.exceptionalSuccessors.isEmpty()
              || (info.exceptionalSuccessors.size() == 1
                  && info.exceptionalSuccessors.iterator().nextInt() < 0);
        }
        return true;
      }
    }
    // There are places where we add in new blocks that we do not represent in the initial CFG.
    // TODO(zerny): Should we maintain the initial CFG after instruction building?
    return true;
  }

  private int nonSplitPredecessorCount(BasicBlock block) {
    Set<BasicBlock> set = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
    for (BasicBlock predecessor : block.getPredecessors()) {
      if (offsets.containsKey(predecessor)) {
        set.add(predecessor);
      } else {
        assert predecessor.getSuccessors().size() == 1;
        assert predecessor.getPredecessors().size() == 1;
        assert trivialGotoBlockPotentiallyWithMoveException(predecessor);
        // Combine the exceptional edges to just one, for normal edges that have been split
        // record them separately. That means that we are checking that there are the expected
        // number of normal edges and some number of exceptional edges (which we count as one edge).
        if (predecessor.getPredecessors().get(0).hasCatchSuccessor(predecessor)) {
          set.add(predecessor.getPredecessors().get(0));
        } else {
          set.add(predecessor);
        }
      }
    }
    return set.size();
  }

  // Check that all instructions are either move-exception, goto or debug instructions.
  private boolean trivialGotoBlockPotentiallyWithMoveException(BasicBlock block) {
    for (Instruction instruction : block.getInstructions()) {
      assert instruction.isMoveException()
          || instruction.isGoto()
          || instruction.isDebugInstruction();
    }
    return true;
  }

  private void processWorklist() {
    for (WorklistItem item = ssaWorklist.poll(); item != null; item = ssaWorklist.poll()) {
      if (item.block.isFilled()) {
        continue;
      }
      assert debugLocalEnds.isEmpty();
      setCurrentBlock(item.block);
      blocks.add(currentBlock);
      currentBlock.setNumber(basicBlockNumberGenerator.next());
      // Process synthesized move-exception block specially.
      if (item instanceof MoveExceptionWorklistItem) {
        processMoveExceptionItem((MoveExceptionWorklistItem) item);
        closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting();
        continue;
      }
      // Process split blocks which need to emit the locals transfer.
      if (item instanceof SplitBlockWorklistItem) {
        SplitBlockWorklistItem splitEdgeItem = (SplitBlockWorklistItem) item;
        source.buildBlockTransfer(
            this, splitEdgeItem.sourceOffset, splitEdgeItem.targetOffset, false);
        if (item.firstInstructionIndex == -1) {
          // If the block is a pure split-edge block emit goto (picks up local ends) and close.
          addInstruction(new Goto(), splitEdgeItem.position);
          closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting();
          continue;
        } else if (!debugLocalEnds.isEmpty()) {
          // Otherwise, if some locals ended, insert a read so it takes place at the
          // predecessor position.
          addInstruction(new DebugLocalRead());
        }
      }
      // Build IR for each dex instruction in the block.
      int instCount = source.instructionCount();
      for (int i = item.firstInstructionIndex; i < instCount; ++i) {
        if (currentBlock == null) {
          break;
        }
        int instructionOffset = source.instructionOffset(i);
        BlockInfo info = targets.get(instructionOffset);
        if (info != null && info.block != currentBlock) {
          addToWorklist(info.block, i);
          closeCurrentBlockWithFallThrough(info.block);
          break;
        }
        currentInstructionOffset = instructionOffset;
        source.buildInstruction(this, i, i == item.firstInstructionIndex);
      }
    }
  }

  private void processMoveExceptionItem(MoveExceptionWorklistItem moveExceptionItem) {
    // TODO(zerny): Link with outer try-block handlers, if any. b/65203529
    int targetIndex = source.instructionIndex(moveExceptionItem.targetOffset);
    int moveExceptionDest = source.getMoveExceptionRegister(targetIndex);
    Position position = source.getCanonicalDebugPositionAtOffset(moveExceptionItem.targetOffset);
    if (moveExceptionDest >= 0) {
      TypeElement typeLattice =
          TypeElement.fromDexType(moveExceptionItem.guard, definitelyNotNull(), appView);
      Value out = writeRegister(moveExceptionDest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, null);
      MoveException moveException =
          new MoveException(out, moveExceptionItem.guard, appView.options());
      moveException.setPosition(position);
      currentBlock.add(moveException, metadata);
    }
    // The block-transfer for exceptional edges needs to inform that this is an exceptional transfer
    // so that local ends become implicit. The reason for this issue is that the "split block" for
    // and exceptional edge is *after* control transfer, so inserting an end will end up causing
    // locals to remain live longer than they should. The problem with this is that it is now
    // possible to resurrect a local by declaring debug info that does not contain the exception
    // handler but then loading the value from the local index. This should not be a problem in
    // practice since the stack is empty so the known case of extending the local liveness via the
    // stack can't happen. If this does end up being an issue, it can potentially be solved by
    // ending any local that could possibly end in any of the exceptional targets and then
    // explicitly restart the local on each split-edge that does not end the local.
    boolean isExceptionalEdge = true;
    source.buildBlockTransfer(
        this, moveExceptionItem.sourceOffset, moveExceptionItem.targetOffset, isExceptionalEdge);
    BasicBlock targetBlock = getTarget(moveExceptionItem.targetOffset);
    currentBlock.link(targetBlock);
    addInstruction(new Goto(), position);
    addToWorklist(targetBlock, targetIndex);
  }

  // Helper to resolve switch payloads and build switch instructions (dex code only).
  public void resolveAndBuildSwitch(int value, int fallthroughOffset, int payloadOffset) {
    source.resolveAndBuildSwitch(value, fallthroughOffset, payloadOffset, this);
  }

  // Helper to resolve fill-array data and build new-array instructions (dex code only).
  public void resolveAndBuildNewArrayFilledData(int arrayRef, int payloadOffset) {
    source.resolveAndBuildNewArrayFilledData(arrayRef, payloadOffset, this);
  }

  /**
   * Add an (non-jump) instruction to the builder.
   *
   * @param ir IR instruction to add as the next instruction.
   */
  public void add(Instruction ir) {
    assert !ir.isJumpInstruction();
    addInstruction(ir);
  }

  void addThisArgument(int register) {
    boolean receiverCouldBeNull = context != null && context != method;
    Nullability nullability = receiverCouldBeNull ? maybeNull() : definitelyNotNull();
    TypeElement receiverType =
        TypeElement.fromDexType(method.getHolderType(), nullability, appView);
    addThisArgument(register, receiverType);
  }

  public void addThisArgument(int register, TypeElement receiverType) {
    DebugLocalInfo local = getOutgoingLocal(register);
    Value value = writeRegister(register, receiverType, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, local);
    addInstruction(new Argument(value, currentBlock.size(), false));
    receiverValue = value;
    value.markAsThis();
  }

  private void addExtraUnusedNullArgument(int register) {
    // Extra unused null arguments should bypass the register check, they may use registers
    // beyond the limit of what the method can use. They don't have debug information and are
    // always null.
    Value value = new Value(valueNumberGenerator.next(), TypeElement.getNull(), null);
    addNonThisArgument(new Argument(value, currentBlock.size(), false));
  }

  public void addNonThisArgument(int register, TypeElement typeLattice) {
    DebugLocalInfo local = getOutgoingLocal(register);
    Value value = writeRegister(register, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, local);
    addNonThisArgument(new Argument(value, currentBlock.size(), false));
  }

  public void addBooleanNonThisArgument(int register) {
    DebugLocalInfo local = getOutgoingLocal(register);
    Value value = writeRegister(register, getInt(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, local);
    addNonThisArgument(new Argument(value, currentBlock.size(), true));
  }

  private void addNonThisArgument(Argument argument) {
    if (argumentValues == null) {
      argumentValues = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    addInstruction(argument);
    argumentValues.add(argument.outValue());
  }

  public void addConstantOrUnusedArgument(int register, RemovedArgumentInfo info) {
    handleConstantOrUnusedArgument(register, info);
  }

  private void handleConstantOrUnusedArgument(
      int register, RemovedArgumentInfo removedArgumentInfo) {
    assert removedArgumentInfo != null;
    if (removedArgumentInfo.isAlwaysNull()) {
      if (pendingArgumentInstructions == null) {
        pendingArgumentInstructions = new ArrayList<>();
      }
      DebugLocalInfo local = getOutgoingLocal(register);
      Value value = writeRegister(register, getNull(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, local);
      pendingArgumentInstructions.add(new ConstNumber(value, 0));
    } else {
      assert removedArgumentInfo.isNeverUsed();
    }
  }

  public void flushArgumentInstructions() {
    if (pendingArgumentInstructions != null) {
      pendingArgumentInstructions.forEach(this::addInstruction);
      pendingArgumentInstructions.clear();
    }
  }

  private static boolean isValidFor(Value value, DebugLocalInfo local) {
    // Invalid debug-info may cause attempt to read a local that is not actually alive.
    // See b/37722432 and regression test {@code jasmin.InvalidDebugInfoTests::testInvalidInfoThrow}
    return !value.isUninitializedLocal() && value.getLocalInfo() == local;
  }

  public void addDebugLocalStart(int register, DebugLocalInfo local) {
    assert local != null;
    if (!isDebugMode()) {
      return;
    }
    // If the local was not introduced by the previous instruction, start it here.
    Value incomingValue = readRegisterForDebugLocal(register, local);
    if (incomingValue.getLocalInfo() != local
        || currentBlock.isEmpty()
        || currentBlock.getInstructions().getLast().outValue() != incomingValue) {
      // Note that the write register must not lookup outgoing local information and the local is
      // never considered clobbered by a start (if the in value has local info it must have been
      // marked ended elsewhere).
      Value out = writeRegister(register, incomingValue.getType(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW, local);
      DebugLocalWrite write = new DebugLocalWrite(out, incomingValue);
      addInstruction(write);
    }
  }

  public void addDebugLocalEnd(int register, DebugLocalInfo local) {
    assert local != null;
    if (!isDebugMode()) {
      return;
    }
    Value value = readRegisterForDebugLocal(register, local);
    if (isValidFor(value, local)) {
      debugLocalEnds.add(value);
    }
  }

  public void addDebugPosition(Position position) {
    if (isDebugMode()) {
      assert previousLocalValue == null;
      assert source.getCurrentPosition().equals(position);
      if (!debugLocalEnds.isEmpty()) {
        // If there are pending local ends, end them before changing the line.
        if (currentBlock.getInstructions().isEmpty()) {
          addInstruction(new DebugLocalRead());
        } else {
          // We do not want to add the out value of an instructions as a debug value for
          // the same instruction. Debug values are there to keep values alive until that
          // instruction. Therefore, they make no sense on the instruction that defines
          // the value. There should always be a DebugLocalRead in the IR for situations
          // where an introduced local's scope ends immediately.
          assert !debugLocalEnds.contains(currentBlock.getInstructions().getLast().outValue());
          attachLocalValues(currentBlock.getInstructions().getLast());
        }
      }
      addInstruction(new DebugPosition());
    }
  }

  public void addAdd(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Add instruction = new Add(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addAddLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Add instruction = new Add(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addAnd(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    And instruction = new And(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addAndLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    And instruction = new And(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addArrayGet(MemberType type, int dest, int array, int index) {
    Value in1 = readRegister(array, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value in2 = readRegister(index, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    TypeElement typeLattice;
    if (type == MemberType.OBJECT && canUseStackMapTypes()) {
      if (in1.getType().isNullType()) {
        typeLattice = TypeElement.getNull();
      } else if (in1.getType().isArrayType()) {
        typeLattice = in1.getType().asArrayType().getMemberType();
      } else {
        assert in1.getType().isBottom() && hasIncorrectStackMapTypes;
        typeLattice = fromMemberType(type);
      }
    } else {
      typeLattice = fromMemberType(type);
    }
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    ArrayGet instruction = new ArrayGet(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    if (!type.isPrecise()) {
      addImpreciseInstruction(instruction);
    }
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addArrayLength(int dest, int array) {
    Value in = readRegister(array, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, getInt(), ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    ArrayLength instruction = new ArrayLength(out, in);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addArrayPut(MemberType type, int value, int array, int index) {
    Value inValue = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.fromMemberType(type));
    Value inArray = readRegister(array, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value inIndex = readRegister(index, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    ArrayPut instruction = new ArrayPut(type, inArray, inIndex, inValue);
    if (!type.isPrecise()) {
      addImpreciseInstruction(instruction);
    }
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addCheckCast(int value, DexType type) {
    Value in = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    TypeElement castTypeLattice =
        TypeElement.fromDexType(type, in.getType().nullability(), appView);
    Value out = writeRegister(value, castTypeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    CheckCast instruction = new CheckCast(out, in, type);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addCmp(NumericType type, Bias bias, int dest, int left, int right) {
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, getInt(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Cmp instruction = new Cmp(type, bias, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addConst(TypeElement typeLattice, int dest, long value) {
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    ConstNumber instruction = new ConstNumber(out, value);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addLongConst(int dest, long value) {
    add(new ConstNumber(writeRegister(dest, getLong(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW), value));
  }

  public void addDoubleConst(int dest, long value) {
    add(new ConstNumber(writeRegister(dest, getDouble(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW), value));
  }

  public void addIntConst(int dest, long value) {
    add(new ConstNumber(writeRegister(dest, getInt(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW), value));
  }

  public void addFloatConst(int dest, long value) {
    add(new ConstNumber(writeRegister(dest, getFloat(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW), value));
  }

  public void addNullConst(int dest) {
    add(new ConstNumber(writeRegister(dest, getNull(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW), 0L));
  }

  public void addConstClass(int dest, DexType type) {
    TypeElement typeLattice = TypeElement.classClassType(appView, definitelyNotNull());
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    ConstClass instruction = new ConstClass(out, type);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addConstMethodHandle(int dest, DexMethodHandle methodHandle) {
    if (!appView.options().canUseConstantMethodHandle()) {
      throw new ApiLevelException(
          AndroidApiLevel.P,
          "Const-method-handle",
          null /* sourceString */);
    }
    TypeElement typeLattice =
        TypeElement.fromDexType(
            appView.dexItemFactory().methodHandleType, definitelyNotNull(), appView);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    ConstMethodHandle instruction = new ConstMethodHandle(out, methodHandle);
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addConstMethodType(int dest, DexProto methodType) {
    if (!appView.options().canUseConstantMethodType()) {
      throw new ApiLevelException(
          AndroidApiLevel.P,
          "Const-method-type",
          null /* sourceString */);
    }
    TypeElement typeLattice =
        TypeElement.fromDexType(
            appView.dexItemFactory().methodTypeType, definitelyNotNull(), appView);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    ConstMethodType instruction = new ConstMethodType(out, methodType);
    add(instruction);
  }

  private ThrowingInfo throwingInfoForConstStrings() {
    return appView.options().isGeneratingClassFiles()
        ? ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW
        : ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW;
  }

  public void addConstString(int dest, DexString string) {
    TypeElement typeLattice = TypeElement.stringClassType(appView, definitelyNotNull());
    ThrowingInfo throwingInfo = throwingInfoForConstStrings();
    add(new ConstString(writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, throwingInfo), string, throwingInfo));
  }

  public void addDexItemBasedConstString(
      int dest, DexReference item, NameComputationInfo<?> nameComputationInfo) {
    TypeElement typeLattice = TypeElement.stringClassType(appView, definitelyNotNull());
    ThrowingInfo throwingInfo = throwingInfoForConstStrings();
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, typeLattice, throwingInfo);
    add(new DexItemBasedConstString(out, item, nameComputationInfo, throwingInfo));
  }

  public void addDiv(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    boolean canThrow = type != NumericType.DOUBLE && type != NumericType.FLOAT;
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type,
        canThrow ? ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW : ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Div instruction = new Div(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow() == canThrow;
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addDivLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    boolean canThrow = type != NumericType.DOUBLE && type != NumericType.FLOAT;
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type,
        canThrow ? ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW : ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Div instruction = new Div(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow() == canThrow;
    add(instruction);
  }

  public Monitor addMonitor(Monitor.Type type, int monitor) {
    Value in = readRegister(monitor, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Monitor monitorEnter = new Monitor(type, in);
    add(monitorEnter);
    return monitorEnter;
  }

  public void addMove(ValueType valueType, int dest, int src) {
    addMove(ValueTypeConstraint.fromValueType(valueType), dest, src);
  }

  public void addMove(ValueTypeConstraint constraint, int dest, int src) {
    Value in = readRegister(src, constraint);
    if (isDebugMode()) {
      // If the move is writing to a different local we must construct a new value.
      DebugLocalInfo destLocal = getOutgoingLocal(dest);
      if (destLocal != null && destLocal != in.getLocalInfo()) {
        Value out = writeRegister(dest, in.getType(), ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
        addInstruction(new DebugLocalWrite(out, in));
        return;
      }
      // If this move ends locals, add a DebugLocalRead to make sure the end point
      // is registered in the right place.
      if (!debugLocalEnds.isEmpty()) {
        addInstruction(new DebugLocalRead());
      }
    }
    currentBlock.writeCurrentDefinition(dest, in, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
  }

  public void addMul(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Mul instruction = new Mul(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addMulLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Mul instruction = new Mul(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addNop() {
    // If locals end on a nop, insert a debug local read as the ending point.
    // This avoids situations where the end of the local could be the instruction
    // that introduced it when the local only spans a nop in the input.
    if (!debugLocalEnds.isEmpty()) {
      addInstruction(new DebugLocalRead());
    }
  }

  public void addRem(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    boolean canThrow = type != NumericType.DOUBLE && type != NumericType.FLOAT;
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type,
        canThrow ? ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW : ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Rem instruction = new Rem(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow() == canThrow;
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addRemLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    boolean canThrow = type != NumericType.DOUBLE && type != NumericType.FLOAT;
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type,
        canThrow ? ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW : ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Rem instruction = new Rem(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow() == canThrow;
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addGoto(int targetOffset) {
    BasicBlock targetBlock = getTarget(targetOffset);
    assert !currentBlock.hasCatchSuccessor(targetBlock);
    currentBlock.link(targetBlock);
    addToWorklist(targetBlock, source.instructionIndex(targetOffset));
    closeCurrentBlock(new Goto());
  }

  private void addTrivialIf(int trueTargetOffset, int falseTargetOffset) {
    assert trueTargetOffset == falseTargetOffset;
    // Conditional instructions with the same true and false targets are noops. They will
    // always go to the next instruction. We end this basic block with a goto instead of
    // a conditional.
    BasicBlock target = getTarget(trueTargetOffset);
    // We expected an if here and therefore we incremented the expected predecessor count
    // twice for the following block.
    target.decrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
    currentBlock.link(target);
    addToWorklist(target, source.instructionIndex(trueTargetOffset));
    closeCurrentBlock(new Goto());
  }

  private void addNonTrivialIf(If instruction, int trueTargetOffset, int falseTargetOffset) {
    BasicBlock trueTarget = getTarget(trueTargetOffset);
    BasicBlock falseTarget = getTarget(falseTargetOffset);
    currentBlock.link(trueTarget);
    currentBlock.link(falseTarget);
    // Generate fall-through before the block that is branched to.
    addToWorklist(falseTarget, source.instructionIndex(falseTargetOffset));
    addToWorklist(trueTarget, source.instructionIndex(trueTargetOffset));
    closeCurrentBlock(instruction);
  }

  public void addIf(If.Type type, ValueType operandType, int value1, int value2,
      int trueTargetOffset, int falseTargetOffset) {
    addIf(
        type,
        ValueTypeConstraint.fromValueType(operandType),
        value1,
        value2,
        trueTargetOffset,
        falseTargetOffset);
  }

  public void addIf(
      If.Type type,
      ValueTypeConstraint operandConstraint,
      int value1,
      int value2,
      int trueTargetOffset,
      int falseTargetOffset) {
    if (trueTargetOffset == falseTargetOffset) {
      addTrivialIf(trueTargetOffset, falseTargetOffset);
    } else {
      List<Value> values = new ArrayList<>(2);
      values.add(readRegister(value1, operandConstraint));
      values.add(readRegister(value2, operandConstraint));
      If instruction = new If(type, values);
      addNonTrivialIf(instruction, trueTargetOffset, falseTargetOffset);
    }
  }

  public void addIfZero(
      If.Type type, ValueType operandType, int value, int trueTargetOffset, int falseTargetOffset) {
    addIfZero(
        type,
        ValueTypeConstraint.fromValueType(operandType),
        value,
        trueTargetOffset,
        falseTargetOffset);
  }

  public void addIfZero(
      If.Type type,
      ValueTypeConstraint operandConstraint,
      int value,
      int trueTargetOffset,
      int falseTargetOffset) {
    if (trueTargetOffset == falseTargetOffset) {
      addTrivialIf(trueTargetOffset, falseTargetOffset);
    } else {
      If instruction = new If(type, readRegister(value, operandConstraint));
      addNonTrivialIf(instruction, trueTargetOffset, falseTargetOffset);
    }
  }

  public void addInstanceGet(int dest, int object, DexField field) {
    Value in = readRegister(object, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value out =
        writeRegister(
            dest,
            TypeElement.fromDexType(field.type, maybeNull(), appView),
            ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    InstanceGet instruction = new InstanceGet(out, in, field);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addInstanceOf(int dest, int value, DexType type) {
    Value in = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, getInt(), ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    InstanceOf instruction = new InstanceOf(out, in, type);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addInstancePut(int value, int object, DexField field) {
    Value objectValue = readRegister(object, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    Value valueValue = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.fromDexType(field.type));
    InstancePut instruction = new InstancePut(field, objectValue, valueValue);
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addInvoke(
      Type type, DexItem item, DexProto callSiteProto, List<Value> arguments, boolean itf) {
    if (type == Type.POLYMORPHIC) {
      assert item instanceof DexMethod;
      if (!appView.options().canUseInvokePolymorphic()) {
        throw new ApiLevelException(
            AndroidApiLevel.O,
            "MethodHandle.invoke and MethodHandle.invokeExact",
            null /* sourceString */);
      } else if (!appView.options().canUseInvokePolymorphicOnVarHandle()
          && ((DexMethod) item).holder == appView.dexItemFactory().varHandleType) {
        throw new ApiLevelException(
            AndroidApiLevel.P,
            "Call to polymorphic signature of VarHandle",
            null /* sourceString */);
      }
    }
    if (type == Type.VIRTUAL) {
      // If an invoke-virtual targets a private method in the current class overriding will
      // not apply (see jvm spec on method resolution 5.4.3.3 and overriding 5.4.5) and
      // therefore we use an invoke-direct instead. We need to do this as the Android Runtime
      // will not allow invoke-virtual of a private method.
      DexMethod invocationMethod = (DexMethod) item;
      if (invocationMethod.holder == method.getHolderType()) {
        DexEncodedMethod directTarget = method.getHolder().lookupDirectMethod(invocationMethod);
        if (directTarget != null && !directTarget.isStatic()) {
          assert invocationMethod.holder == directTarget.getHolderType();
          type = Type.DIRECT;
        }
      }
    }
    add(Invoke.create(type, item, callSiteProto, null, arguments, itf));
  }

  public void addInvoke(
      Type type,
      DexItem item,
      DexProto callSiteProto,
      List<ValueType> types,
      List<Integer> registers,
      boolean itf) {
    assert types.size() == registers.size();
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < types.size(); i++) {
      arguments.add(
          readRegister(registers.get(i), ValueTypeConstraint.fromValueType(types.get(i))));
    }
    addInvoke(type, item, callSiteProto, arguments, itf);
  }

  public void addInvokeCustomRegisters(
      DexCallSite callSite, int argumentRegisterCount, int[] argumentRegisters) {
    int registerIndex = 0;
    DexMethodHandle bootstrapMethod = callSite.bootstrapMethod;
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentRegisterCount);

    if (!bootstrapMethod.isStaticHandle()) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(argumentRegisters[registerIndex], ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT));
      registerIndex += ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT.requiredRegisters();
    }

    String shorty = callSite.methodProto.shorty.toString();

    for (int i = 1; i < shorty.length(); i++) {
      ValueTypeConstraint constraint = ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(shorty.charAt(i));
      arguments.add(readRegister(argumentRegisters[registerIndex], constraint));
      registerIndex += constraint.requiredRegisters();
    }

    add(new InvokeCustom(callSite, null, arguments));
  }

  public void addInvokeCustomRange(
      DexCallSite callSite, int argumentCount, int firstArgumentRegister) {
    DexMethodHandle bootstrapMethod = callSite.bootstrapMethod;
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount);

    int register = firstArgumentRegister;
    if (!bootstrapMethod.isStaticHandle()) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(register, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT));
      register += ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT.requiredRegisters();
    }

    String shorty = callSite.methodProto.shorty.toString();

    for (int i = 1; i < shorty.length(); i++) {
      ValueTypeConstraint constraint = ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(shorty.charAt(i));
      arguments.add(readRegister(register, constraint));
      register += constraint.requiredRegisters();
    }
    checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(register, firstArgumentRegister + argumentCount);
    add(new InvokeCustom(callSite, null, arguments));
  }

  public void addInvokeCustom(
      DexCallSite callSite, List<ValueType> types, List<Integer> registers) {
    assert types.size() == registers.size();
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < types.size(); i++) {
      arguments.add(
          readRegister(registers.get(i), ValueTypeConstraint.fromValueType(types.get(i))));
    }
    add(new InvokeCustom(callSite, null, arguments));
  }

  public void addInvokeRegisters(
      Invoke.Type type,
      DexMethod method,
      DexProto callSiteProto,
      int argumentRegisterCount,
      int[] argumentRegisters) {
    // The value of argumentRegisterCount is the number of registers - not the number of values,
    // but it is an upper bound on the number of arguments.
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentRegisterCount);
    int registerIndex = 0;
    if (type != Invoke.Type.STATIC) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(argumentRegisters[registerIndex], ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT));
      registerIndex += ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT.requiredRegisters();
    }
    DexString methodShorty;
    if (type == Invoke.Type.POLYMORPHIC) {
      // The call site signature for invoke polymorphic must be take from call site and not from
      // the called method.
      methodShorty = callSiteProto.shorty;
    } else {
      methodShorty = method.proto.shorty;
    }
    String shorty = methodShorty.toString();
    for (int i = 1; i < methodShorty.size; i++) {
      ValueTypeConstraint constraint = ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(shorty.charAt(i));
      arguments.add(readRegister(argumentRegisters[registerIndex], constraint));
      registerIndex += constraint.requiredRegisters();
    }
    checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(registerIndex, argumentRegisterCount);
    // Note: We only call this register variant from DEX inputs where isInterface does not matter.
    assert appView.options().isGeneratingDex();
    addInvoke(type, method, callSiteProto, arguments, false /* isInterface */);
  }

  public void addInvokeNewArray(DexType type, int argumentCount, int[] argumentRegisters) {
    String descriptor = type.descriptor.toString();
    assert descriptor.charAt(0) == '[';
    assert descriptor.length() >= 2;
    ValueTypeConstraint constraint =
        ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(descriptor.charAt(1));
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount / constraint.requiredRegisters());
    int registerIndex = 0;
    while (registerIndex < argumentCount) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(argumentRegisters[registerIndex], constraint));
      if (constraint.isWide()) {
        assert registerIndex < argumentCount - 1;
        assert argumentRegisters[registerIndex] == argumentRegisters[registerIndex + 1] + 1;
      }
      registerIndex += constraint.requiredRegisters();
    }
    checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(registerIndex, argumentCount);
    addInvoke(Invoke.Type.NEW_ARRAY, type, null, arguments, false /* isInterface */);
  }

  public void addMultiNewArray(DexType type, int dest, int[] dimensions) {
    assert appView.options().isGeneratingClassFiles();
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(dimensions.length);
    for (int dimension : dimensions) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(dimension, ValueTypeConstraint.INT));
    }
    addInvoke(Invoke.Type.MULTI_NEW_ARRAY, type, null, arguments, false /* isInterface */);
    addMoveResult(dest);
  }

  public void addInvokeRange(
      Invoke.Type type,
      DexMethod method,
      DexProto callSiteProto,
      int argumentCount,
      int firstArgumentRegister) {
    // The value of argumentCount is the number of registers - not the number of values, but it
    // is an upper bound on the number of arguments.
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount);
    int register = firstArgumentRegister;
    if (type != Invoke.Type.STATIC) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(register, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT));
      register += ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT.requiredRegisters();
    }
    DexString methodShorty;
    if (type == Invoke.Type.POLYMORPHIC) {
      // The call site signature for invoke polymorphic must be take from call site and not from
      // the called method.
      methodShorty = callSiteProto.shorty;
    } else {
      methodShorty = method.proto.shorty;
    }
    String shorty = methodShorty.toString();
    for (int i = 1; i < methodShorty.size; i++) {
      ValueTypeConstraint valueTypeConstraint =
          ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(shorty.charAt(i));
      arguments.add(readRegister(register, valueTypeConstraint));
      register += valueTypeConstraint.requiredRegisters();
    }
    checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(register, firstArgumentRegister + argumentCount);
    // Note: We only call this register variant from DEX inputs where isInterface does not matter.
    assert appView.options().isGeneratingDex();
    addInvoke(type, method, callSiteProto, arguments, false /* isInterface */);
  }

  public void addInvokeRangeNewArray(DexType type, int argumentCount, int firstArgumentRegister) {
    String descriptor = type.descriptor.toString();
    assert descriptor.charAt(0) == '[';
    assert descriptor.length() >= 2;
    ValueTypeConstraint constraint =
        ValueTypeConstraint.fromTypeDescriptorChar(descriptor.charAt(1));
    List<Value> arguments = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount / constraint.requiredRegisters());
    int register = firstArgumentRegister;
    while (register < firstArgumentRegister + argumentCount) {
      arguments.add(readRegister(register, constraint));
      register += constraint.requiredRegisters();
    }
    checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(register, firstArgumentRegister + argumentCount);
    // Note: We only call this register variant from DEX inputs where isInterface does not matter.
    assert appView.options().isGeneratingDex();
    addInvoke(Invoke.Type.NEW_ARRAY, type, null, arguments, false /* isInterface */);
  }

  private void checkInvokeArgumentRegisters(int expected, int actual) {
    if (expected != actual) {
      throw new CompilationError("Invalid invoke instruction. "
          + "Expected use of " + expected + " argument registers, "
          + "found actual use of " + actual);
    }
  }

  public void addMoveException(int dest) {
    assert !currentBlock.getPredecessors().isEmpty();
    assert currentBlock.getPredecessors().stream().allMatch(b -> b.entry().isMoveException());
    // Always do the readRegister to guarantee consistent behaviour when running with/without
    // assertions, see: b/115943916
    Value value = readRegister(dest, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    assert verifyValueIsMoveException(value);
  }

  private static boolean verifyValueIsMoveException(Value value) {
    if (value.isPhi()) {
      for (Value operand : value.asPhi().getOperands()) {
        assert operand.definition.isMoveException();
      }
    } else {
      assert value.definition.isMoveException();
    }
    return true;
  }

  public void addMoveResult(int dest) {
    List<Instruction> instructions = currentBlock.getInstructions();
    Invoke invoke = instructions.get(instructions.size() - 1).asInvoke();
    assert invoke.outValue() == null;
    assert invoke.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    DexType outType = invoke.getReturnType();
    Nullability nullability =
        invoke.isInvokeNewArray() || invoke.isInvokeMultiNewArray()
            ? definitelyNotNull()
            : maybeNull();
    // InvokeCustom.evaluate will look into the metadata of the callsite which will provide more
    // information than just looking at the type.
    TypeElement typeElement =
        invoke.isInvokeCustom()
            ? invoke.evaluate(appView)
            : TypeElement.fromDexType(outType, nullability, appView);
    Value outValue = writeRegister(dest, typeElement, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    invoke.setOutValue(outValue);
  }

  public void addNeg(NumericType type, int dest, int value) {
    Value in = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Neg instruction = new Neg(type, out, in);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addNot(NumericType type, int dest, int value) {
    Value in = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Instruction instruction;
    if (appView.options().canUseNotInstruction()) {
      instruction = new Not(type, out, in);
    } else {
      Value minusOne = readLiteral(ValueTypeConstraint.fromNumericType(type), -1);
      instruction = new Xor(type, out, in, minusOne);
    }
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addNewArrayEmpty(int dest, int size, DexType type) {
    assert type.isArrayType();
    Value in = readRegister(size, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    TypeElement arrayTypeLattice = TypeElement.fromDexType(type, definitelyNotNull(), appView);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, arrayTypeLattice, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    NewArrayEmpty instruction = new NewArrayEmpty(out, in, type);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addNewArrayFilledData(int arrayRef, int elementWidth, long size, short[] data) {
    NewArrayFilledData instruction =
        new NewArrayFilledData(
            readRegister(arrayRef, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT), elementWidth, size, data);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addNewInstance(int dest, DexType type) {
    TypeElement instanceType = TypeElement.fromDexType(type, definitelyNotNull(), appView);
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, instanceType, ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    NewInstance instruction = new NewInstance(type, out);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addReturn(int value) {
    DexType returnType = method.getDefinition().returnType();
    if (returnType.isVoidType()) {
      assert prototypeChanges.hasBeenChangedToReturnVoid(appView);
      addReturn();
    } else {
      ValueTypeConstraint returnTypeConstraint =
          prototypeChanges.hasRewrittenReturnInfo()
              ? ValueTypeConstraint.fromDexType(
                  prototypeChanges.getRewrittenReturnInfo().getOldType())
              : ValueTypeConstraint.fromDexType(returnType);
      Value in = readRegister(value, returnTypeConstraint);
      addReturn(new Return(in));
    }
  }

  public void addReturn() {
    addReturn(new Return());
  }

  private void addReturn(Return ret) {
    // Attach the live locals to the return instruction to avoid a local change on monitor exit.
    attachLocalValues(ret);
    source.buildPostlude(this);
    closeCurrentBlock(ret);
  }

  public void addInitClass(int dest, DexType clazz) {
    Value out = writeRegister(dest, TypeElement.getInt(), ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    InitClass instruction = new InitClass(out, clazz);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addStaticGet(int dest, DexField field) {
    Value out =
        writeRegister(
            dest,
            TypeElement.fromDexType(field.type, maybeNull(), appView),
            ThrowingInfo.CAN_THROW);
    StaticGet instruction = new StaticGet(out, field);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addStaticPut(int value, DexField field) {
    Value in = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.fromDexType(field.type));
    StaticPut instruction = new StaticPut(in, field);
    assert instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    add(instruction);
  }

  public void addSub(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Sub instruction = new Sub(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addRsubLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert type != NumericType.DOUBLE;
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    // Add this as a sub instruction - sub instructions with literals need to have the constant
    // on the left side (rsub).
    Sub instruction = new Sub(type, out, in2, in1);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addSwitch(int value, int[] keys, int fallthroughOffset, int[] labelOffsets) {
    int numberOfTargets = labelOffsets.length;
    assert (keys.length == 1) || (keys.length == numberOfTargets);

    // If the switch has no targets simply add a goto to the fallthrough.
    if (numberOfTargets == 0) {
      addGoto(fallthroughOffset);
      return;
    }

    Value switchValue = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);

    // Find the keys not targeting the fallthrough.
    IntList nonFallthroughKeys = new IntArrayList(numberOfTargets);
    IntList nonFallthroughOffsets = new IntArrayList(numberOfTargets);
    int numberOfFallthroughs = 0;
    if (keys.length == 1) {
      int key = keys[0];
      for (int i = 0; i < numberOfTargets; i++) {
        if (labelOffsets[i] != fallthroughOffset) {
          nonFallthroughKeys.add(key);
          nonFallthroughOffsets.add(labelOffsets[i]);
        } else {
          numberOfFallthroughs++;
        }
        key++;
      }
    } else {
      assert keys.length == numberOfTargets;
      for (int i = 0; i < numberOfTargets; i++) {
        if (labelOffsets[i] != fallthroughOffset) {
          nonFallthroughKeys.add(keys[i]);
          nonFallthroughOffsets.add(labelOffsets[i]);
        } else {
          numberOfFallthroughs++;
        }
      }
    }
    targets.get(fallthroughOffset).block.decrementUnfilledPredecessorCount(numberOfFallthroughs);

    // If this was switch with only fallthrough cases we can make it a goto.
    // Oddly, this does happen.
    if (numberOfFallthroughs == numberOfTargets) {
      assert nonFallthroughKeys.size() == 0;
      addGoto(fallthroughOffset);
      return;
    }

    // Create a switch with only the non-fallthrough targets.
    keys = nonFallthroughKeys.toIntArray();
    labelOffsets = nonFallthroughOffsets.toIntArray();
    IntSwitch aSwitch = createSwitch(switchValue, keys, fallthroughOffset, labelOffsets);
    closeCurrentBlock(aSwitch);
  }

  private IntSwitch createSwitch(
      Value value, int[] keys, int fallthroughOffset, int[] targetOffsets) {
    assert keys.length == targetOffsets.length;
    // Compute target blocks for all keys. Only add a successor block once even
    // if it is hit by more of the keys.
    int[] targetBlockIndices = new int[targetOffsets.length];
    Map<Integer, Integer> offsetToBlockIndex = new HashMap<>();
    // Start with fall-through block.
    BasicBlock fallthroughBlock = getTarget(fallthroughOffset);
    currentBlock.link(fallthroughBlock);
    addToWorklist(fallthroughBlock, source.instructionIndex(fallthroughOffset));
    int fallthroughBlockIndex = currentBlock.getSuccessors().size() - 1;
    offsetToBlockIndex.put(fallthroughOffset, fallthroughBlockIndex);
    // Then all the switch target blocks.
    for (int i = 0; i < targetOffsets.length; i++) {
      int targetOffset = targetOffsets[i];
      BasicBlock targetBlock = getTarget(targetOffset);
      Integer targetBlockIndex = offsetToBlockIndex.get(targetOffset);
      if (targetBlockIndex == null) {
        // Target block not added as successor. Add it now.
        currentBlock.link(targetBlock);
        addToWorklist(targetBlock, source.instructionIndex(targetOffset));
        int successorIndex = currentBlock.getSuccessors().size() - 1;
        offsetToBlockIndex.put(targetOffset, successorIndex);
        targetBlockIndices[i] = successorIndex;
      } else {
        // Target block already added as successor. The target block therefore
        // has one less predecessor than precomputed.
        targetBlock.decrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
        targetBlockIndices[i] = targetBlockIndex;
      }
    }
    return new IntSwitch(value, keys, targetBlockIndices, fallthroughBlockIndex);
  }

  public void addThrow(int value) {
    Value in = readRegister(value, ValueTypeConstraint.OBJECT);
    // The only successors to a throw instruction are exceptional, so we directly add it (ensuring
    // the exceptional edges which are split-edge by construction) and then we close the block which
    // cannot have any additional edges that need splitting.
    addInstruction(new Throw(in));
    closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting();
  }

  public void addOr(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Or instruction = new Or(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addOrLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Or instruction = new Or(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addShl(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readRegister(right, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Shl instruction = new Shl(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addShlLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Shl instruction = new Shl(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addShr(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readRegister(right, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Shr instruction = new Shr(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addShrLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Shr instruction = new Shr(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addUshr(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readRegister(right, ValueTypeConstraint.INT);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Ushr instruction = new Ushr(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addUshrLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Ushr instruction = new Ushr(type, out, in1, in2);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addXor(NumericType type, int dest, int left, int right) {
    assert isIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(left, type);
    Value in2 = readNumericRegister(right, type);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    Instruction instruction;
    if (appView.options().canUseNotInstruction()
        && in2.isConstNumber()
        && in2.getConstInstruction().asConstNumber().isIntegerNegativeOne(type)) {
      instruction = new Not(type, out, in1);
    } else {
      instruction = new Xor(type, out, in1, in2);
    }
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addXorLiteral(NumericType type, int dest, int value, int constant) {
    assert isNonLongIntegerType(type);
    Value in1 = readNumericRegister(value, type);
    Instruction instruction;
    if (appView.options().canUseNotInstruction() && constant == -1) {
      Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
      instruction = new Not(type, out, in1);
    } else {
      Value in2 = readIntLiteral(constant);
      Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, type, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
      instruction = new Xor(type, out, in1, in2);
    }
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  public void addConversion(NumericType to, NumericType from, int dest, int source) {
    Value in = readNumericRegister(source, from);
    Value out = writeNumericRegister(dest, to, ThrowingInfo.NO_THROW);
    NumberConversion instruction = new NumberConversion(from, to, out, in);
    assert !instruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    addInstruction(instruction);
  }

  // Value abstraction methods.

  public Value readRegister(int register, ValueTypeConstraint constraint) {
    DebugLocalInfo local = getIncomingLocal(register);
    Value value =
        readRegister(
            register, constraint, currentBlock, EdgeType.NON_EDGE, RegisterReadType.NORMAL);
    // Check that any information about a current-local is consistent with the read.
    if (local != null && value.getLocalInfo() != local && !value.isUninitializedLocal()) {
      throw new InvalidDebugInfoException(
          "Attempt to read local " + local
              + " but no local information was associated with the value being read.");
    }
    // Check that any local information on the value is actually visible.
    // If this assert triggers, the probable cause is that we end up reading an SSA value
    // after it should have been ended on a fallthrough from a conditional jump or a trivial-phi
    // removal resurrected the local.
    assert !value.hasLocalInfo()
        || value.getDebugLocalEnds() != null
        || source.verifyLocalInScope(value.getLocalInfo());
    constrainType(value, constraint);
    value.markNonDebugLocalRead();
    return value;
  }

  private Value readRegisterForDebugLocal(int register, DebugLocalInfo local) {
    assert isDebugMode();
    ValueTypeConstraint type = ValueTypeConstraint.fromDexType(local.type);
    return readRegister(register, type, currentBlock, EdgeType.NON_EDGE, RegisterReadType.DEBUG);
  }

  public Value readRegister(
      int register,
      ValueTypeConstraint constraint,
      BasicBlock block,
      EdgeType readingEdge,
      RegisterReadType readType) {
    checkRegister(register);
    Value value = block.readCurrentDefinition(register, readingEdge);
    return value != null
        ? value
        : readRegisterRecursive(register, block, readingEdge, constraint, readType);
  }

  private Value readRegisterRecursive(
      int register,
      BasicBlock block,
      EdgeType readingEdge,
      ValueTypeConstraint constraint,
      RegisterReadType readType) {
    Value value = null;
    // Iterate back along the predecessor chain as long as there is a single sealed predecessor.
    List<Pair<BasicBlock, EdgeType>> stack = null;
    if (block.isSealed() && block.getPredecessors().size() == 1) {
      stack = new ArrayList<>(blocks.size());
      do {
        assert block.verifyFilledPredecessors();
        BasicBlock pred = block.getPredecessors().get(0);
        EdgeType edgeType = pred.getEdgeType(block);
        checkRegister(register);
        value = pred.readCurrentDefinition(register, edgeType);
        if (value != null) {
          break;
        }
        stack.add(new Pair<>(block, readingEdge));
        block = pred;
        readingEdge = edgeType;
      } while (block.isSealed() && block.getPredecessors().size() == 1);
    }
    // If the register still has unknown value create a phi value for it.
    if (value == null) {
      if (block == entryBlock && readType == RegisterReadType.DEBUG) {
        assert block.getPredecessors().isEmpty();
        // If a debug-local is referenced at the entry block, lazily introduce an SSA value for it.
        // This value must *not* be added to the entry blocks current definitions since
        // uninitialized debug-locals may be referenced at the same register/local-index yet be of
        // different types (eg, int in one part of the CFG and float in a disjoint part).
        value = getUninitializedDebugLocalValue(register, constraint);
      } else {
        DebugLocalInfo local = getIncomingLocalAtBlock(register, block);
        TypeElement constrainedType = TypeConstraintResolver.typeForConstraint(constraint);
        hasImpreciseValues |= !constrainedType.isPreciseType();
        Phi phi = null;
        if (canUseStackMapTypes() && !hasIncorrectStackMapTypes) {
          DexType phiTypeForBlock =
              source.getPhiTypeForBlock(register, offsets.getInt(block), constraint, readType);
          if (phiTypeForBlock != null) {
            phi =
                new StackMapPhi(
                    valueNumberGenerator.next(),
                    block,
                    TypeElement.fromDexType(phiTypeForBlock, Nullability.maybeNull(), appView),
                    local,
                    readType);
          } else {
            assert method.getDefinition().getClassFileVersion().isLessThan(CfVersion.V1_8);
            hasIncorrectStackMapTypes = true;
          }
        }
        if (phi == null) {
          phi = new Phi(valueNumberGenerator.next(), block, constrainedType, local, readType);
        }
        if (!block.isSealed()) {
          block.addIncompletePhi(register, phi, readingEdge);
          value = phi;
        } else {
          // We need to write the phi before adding operands to break cycles. If the phi is trivial
          // and is removed by addOperands, the definition is overwritten and looked up again below.
          block.updateCurrentDefinition(register, phi, readingEdge);
          phi.addOperands(this, register);
          // Lookup the value for the register again at this point. Recursive trivial
          // phi removal could have simplified what we wanted to return here.
          value = block.readCurrentDefinition(register, readingEdge);
        }
      }
    }
    // If the stack of successors is non-empty then update their definitions with the value.
    if (stack != null) {
      for (Pair<BasicBlock, EdgeType> item : stack) {
        item.getFirst().updateCurrentDefinition(register, value, item.getSecond());
      }
    }
    // Update the last block at which the definition was found/created.
    block.updateCurrentDefinition(register, value, readingEdge);
    return value;
  }

  private DebugLocalInfo getIncomingLocalAtBlock(int register, BasicBlock block) {
    if (isDebugMode()) {
      int blockOffset = offsets.getInt(block);
      return source.getIncomingLocalAtBlock(register, blockOffset);
    }
    return null;
  }

  private Value getUninitializedDebugLocalValue(int register, ValueTypeConstraint typeConstraint) {
    if (appView.options().invalidDebugInfoStrict) {
      throw new InvalidDebugInfoException(
          "Information in locals-table is invalid. "
              + "Local refers to uninitialized register: "
              + register
              + " with constraint "
              + typeConstraint
              + ".");
    }
    // A debug initiated value must have a precise type constraint.
    assert typeConstraint.isPrecise();
    TypeElement type = typeConstraint.isObject() ? getNull() : typeConstraint.toPrimitiveType();
    if (uninitializedDebugLocalValues == null) {
      uninitializedDebugLocalValues = new Int2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
    }
    List<Value> values = uninitializedDebugLocalValues.get(register);
    if (values != null) {
      for (Value value : values) {
        if (value.getType() == type) {
          return value;
        }
      }
    } else {
      values = new ArrayList<>(2);
      uninitializedDebugLocalValues.put(register, values);
    }
    // Create a new SSA value for the uninitialized local value.
    // Note that the uninitialized local value must not itself have local information, so that it
    // does not contribute to the visible/live-range of the local variable.
    Value value = new Value(valueNumberGenerator.next(), type, null);
    values.add(value);
    return value;
  }

  private Value readNumericRegister(int register, NumericType type) {
    return readRegister(register, ValueTypeConstraint.fromNumericType(type));
  }

  private Value readLiteral(ValueTypeConstraint constraint, long constant) {
    if (constraint == ValueTypeConstraint.INT) {
      return readIntLiteral(constant);
    } else {
      assert constraint == ValueTypeConstraint.LONG;
      return readLongLiteral(constant);
    }
  }

  private Value readLongLiteral(long constant) {
    Value value = new Value(valueNumberGenerator.next(), getLong(), null);
    ConstNumber number = new ConstNumber(value, constant);
    add(number);
    return number.outValue();
  }

  private Value readIntLiteral(long constant) {
    Value value = new Value(valueNumberGenerator.next(), getInt(), null);
    ConstNumber number = new ConstNumber(value, constant);
    add(number);
    return number.outValue();
  }

  // This special write register is needed when changing the scoping of a local variable.
  // See addDebugLocalStart and addDebugLocalEnd.
  private Value writeRegister(
      int register, TypeElement typeLattice, ThrowingInfo throwing, DebugLocalInfo local) {
    checkRegister(register);
    Value value = new Value(valueNumberGenerator.next(), typeLattice, local);
    currentBlock.writeCurrentDefinition(register, value, throwing);
    return value;
  }

  public Value writeRegister(int register, TypeElement typeLattice, ThrowingInfo throwing) {
    DebugLocalInfo incomingLocal = getIncomingLocal(register);
    DebugLocalInfo outgoingLocal = getOutgoingLocal(register);
    // If the local info does not change at the current instruction, we need to ensure
    // that the old value is read at the instruction by setting 'previousLocalValue'.
    // If the local info changes, then there must be both an old local ending
    // and a new local starting at the current instruction, and it is up to the SourceCode
    // to ensure that the old local is read when it ends.
    // Furthermore, if incomingLocal != outgoingLocal, then we cannot be sure that
    // the type of the incomingLocal is the same as the type of the outgoingLocal,
    // and we must not call readRegisterIgnoreLocal() with the wrong type.
    previousLocalValue =
        (incomingLocal == null || incomingLocal != outgoingLocal)
            ? null
            : readRegisterForDebugLocal(register, incomingLocal);
    return writeRegister(register, typeLattice, throwing, outgoingLocal);
  }

  public Value writeNumericRegister(int register, NumericType type, ThrowingInfo throwing) {
    return writeRegister(register, PrimitiveTypeElement.fromNumericType(type), throwing);
  }

  private DebugLocalInfo getIncomingLocal(int register) {
    return isDebugMode() ? source.getIncomingLocal(register) : null;
  }

  private DebugLocalInfo getOutgoingLocal(int register) {
    return isDebugMode() ? source.getOutgoingLocal(register) : null;
  }

  private void checkRegister(int register) {
    if (register < 0) {
      throw new InternalCompilerError("Invalid register");
    }
    if (!source.verifyRegister(register)) {
      throw new CompilationError("Invalid use of register " + register);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Ensure that the current block can hold a throwing instruction. This will create a new current
   * block if the current block has handlers and already has one throwing instruction.
   */
  void ensureBlockForThrowingInstruction() {
    if (!throwingInstructionInCurrentBlock) {
      return;
    }
    // Note that when splitting the block in two we must update the CFG information so that we can
    // correctly identify if the normal exits of the constructed block must be split once it is
    // closed.
    int currentBlockOffset = getOffset(currentBlock);
    BlockInfo currentBlockInfo = getBlockInfo(currentBlockOffset);

    BlockInfo info = new BlockInfo();
    BasicBlock block = info.block;
    block.setNumber(basicBlockNumberGenerator.next());
    blocks.add(block);

    // Compute some unused offset for the new block and link it in the CFG.
    int freshOffset = INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET - 1;
    while (targets.containsKey(freshOffset)) {
      freshOffset--;
    }
    targets.put(freshOffset, info);
    offsets.put(block, freshOffset);

    // Copy over the exceptional successors.
    for (int offset : source.getCurrentCatchHandlers(this).getUniqueTargets()) {
      info.addExceptionalSuccessor(offset);
      BlockInfo target = targets.get(offset);
      assert !target.block.isSealed();
      target.block.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
      target.addExceptionalPredecessor(freshOffset);
    }

    // Move all normal successors to the new block.
    currentBlockInfo.normalSuccessors.forEach(info::addNormalSuccessor);
    currentBlockInfo.normalSuccessors.clear();

    // Link the two blocks.
    addInstruction(new Goto());
    currentBlock.link(block);
    block.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
    currentBlockInfo.addNormalSuccessor(freshOffset);
    info.addNormalPredecessor(currentBlockOffset);

    // The new block can only have a single predecessor and so we don't need to split between them.
    closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting();
    setCurrentBlock(block);
  }

  // Private instruction helpers.
  private void addInstruction(Instruction ir) {
    addInstruction(ir, source.getCurrentPosition());
  }

  private void addInstruction(Instruction ir, Position position) {
    assert verifyOutValueType(ir);
    hasImpreciseValues |= ir.outValue() != null && !ir.getOutType().isPreciseType();
    ir.setPosition(position);
    attachLocalValues(ir);
    currentBlock.add(ir, metadata);
    if (ir.instructionTypeCanThrow()) {
      assert source.verifyCurrentInstructionCanThrow();
      CatchHandlers<Integer> catchHandlers = source.getCurrentCatchHandlers(this);
      if (catchHandlers != null) {
        assert !throwingInstructionInCurrentBlock;
        throwingInstructionInCurrentBlock = true;
        List<BasicBlock> targets = new ArrayList<>(catchHandlers.getAllTargets().size());
        Set<BasicBlock> moveExceptionTargets = Sets.newIdentityHashSet();
        catchHandlers.forEach(
            (exceptionType, targetOffset) -> {
              BasicBlock header = new BasicBlock();
              header.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
              ssaWorklist.add(
                  new MoveExceptionWorklistItem(
                      header, exceptionType, currentInstructionOffset, targetOffset));
              targets.add(header);
              BasicBlock target = getTarget(targetOffset);
              if (!moveExceptionTargets.add(target)) {
                target.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
              }
            });
        currentBlock.linkCatchSuccessors(catchHandlers.getGuards(), targets);
      }
    }
  }

  private boolean verifyOutValueType(Instruction ir) {
    assert ir.outValue() == null || ir.isArrayGet() || ir.evaluate(appView) == ir.getOutType();
    assert ir.outValue() == null
        || !ir.isArrayGet()
        || ir.evaluate(appView) == ir.getOutType()
        || (ir.getOutType().isBottom() && ir.evaluate(appView).isReferenceType());
    return true;
  }

  private void attachLocalValues(Instruction ir) {
    if (!isDebugMode()) {
      assert previousLocalValue == null;
      assert debugLocalEnds.isEmpty();
      return;
    }
    // Add a use if this instruction is overwriting a previous value of the same local.
    if (previousLocalValue != null && previousLocalValue.getLocalInfo() == ir.getLocalInfo()) {
      assert ir.outValue() != null;
      previousLocalValue.addDebugLocalEnd(ir);
    }
    // Add reads of locals if any are pending.
    for (Value value : debugLocalEnds) {
      value.addDebugLocalEnd(ir);
    }
    previousLocalValue = null;
    debugLocalEnds.clear();
  }

  // Package (ie, SourceCode accessed) helpers.

  // Ensure there is a block starting at offset.
  BlockInfo ensureBlockWithoutEnqueuing(int offset) {
    assert offset != INITIAL_BLOCK_OFFSET;
    BlockInfo info = targets.get(offset);
    if (info == null) {
      // If this is a processed instruction, the block split and it has a fall-through predecessor.
      if (offset >= 0 && isOffsetProcessed(offset)) {
        int blockStartOffset = getBlockStartOffset(offset);
        BlockInfo existing = targets.get(blockStartOffset);
        info = existing.split(blockStartOffset, offset, targets);
      } else {
        info = new BlockInfo();
      }
      targets.put(offset, info);
      offsets.put(info.block, offset);
    }
    return info;
  }

  private int getBlockStartOffset(int offset) {
    if (targets.containsKey(offset)) {
      return offset;
    }
    return targets.headMap(offset).lastIntKey();
  }

  // Ensure there is a block starting at offset and add it to the work-list if it needs processing.
  private BlockInfo ensureBlock(int offset) {
    // We don't enqueue negative targets (these are special blocks, eg, an argument prelude).
    if (offset >= 0 && !isOffsetProcessed(offset)) {
      traceBlocksWorklist.add(offset);
    }
    return ensureBlockWithoutEnqueuing(offset);
  }

  private boolean isOffsetProcessed(int offset) {
    return isIndexProcessed(source.instructionIndex(offset));
  }

  private boolean isIndexProcessed(int index) {
    if (index < processedInstructions.length) {
      return processedInstructions[index];
    }
    ensureSubroutineProcessedInstructions();
    return processedSubroutineInstructions.contains(index);
  }

  private void markIndexProcessed(int index) {
    assert !isIndexProcessed(index);
    if (index < processedInstructions.length) {
      processedInstructions[index] = true;
      return;
    }
    ensureSubroutineProcessedInstructions();
    processedSubroutineInstructions.add(index);
  }

  private void ensureSubroutineProcessedInstructions() {
    if (processedSubroutineInstructions == null) {
      processedSubroutineInstructions = new HashSet<>();
    }
  }

  // Ensure there is a block at offset and add a predecessor to it.
  private void ensureSuccessorBlock(int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, boolean normal) {
    BlockInfo targetInfo = ensureBlock(targetOffset);
    int sourceStartOffset = getBlockStartOffset(sourceOffset);
    BlockInfo sourceInfo = targets.get(sourceStartOffset);
    if (normal) {
      sourceInfo.addNormalSuccessor(targetOffset);
      targetInfo.addNormalPredecessor(sourceStartOffset);
    } else {
      sourceInfo.addExceptionalSuccessor(targetOffset);
      targetInfo.addExceptionalPredecessor(sourceStartOffset);
    }
    targetInfo.block.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
  }

  public void ensureNormalSuccessorBlock(int sourceOffset, int targetOffset) {
    ensureSuccessorBlock(sourceOffset, targetOffset, true);
  }

  void ensureExceptionalSuccessorBlock(int sourceOffset, int targetOffset) {
    ensureSuccessorBlock(sourceOffset, targetOffset, false);
  }

  // Private block helpers.

  private BlockInfo getBlockInfo(int offset) {
    return targets.get(offset);
  }

  private BlockInfo getBlockInfo(BasicBlock block) {
    return getBlockInfo(getOffset(block));
  }

  private BasicBlock getTarget(int offset) {
    return targets.get(offset).block;
  }

  private int getOffset(BasicBlock block) {
    return offsets.getInt(block);
  }

  private void closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting() {
    assert currentBlock != null;
    currentBlock.close(this);
    setCurrentBlock(null);
    throwingInstructionInCurrentBlock = false;
    currentInstructionOffset = -1;
    assert debugLocalEnds.isEmpty();
  }

  private void closeCurrentBlock(JumpInstruction jumpInstruction) {
    assert !jumpInstruction.instructionTypeCanThrow();
    assert currentBlock != null;
    assert currentBlock.getInstructions().isEmpty()
        || !currentBlock.getInstructions().getLast().isJumpInstruction();
    generateSplitEdgeBlocks();
    addInstruction(jumpInstruction);
    closeCurrentBlockGuaranteedNotToNeedEdgeSplitting();
  }

  private void closeCurrentBlockWithFallThrough(BasicBlock nextBlock) {
    assert currentBlock != null;
    assert !currentBlock.hasCatchSuccessor(nextBlock);
    currentBlock.link(nextBlock);
    closeCurrentBlock(new Goto());
  }

  private void generateSplitEdgeBlocks() {
    assert currentBlock != null;
    assert currentBlock.isEmpty() || !currentBlock.getInstructions().getLast().isJumpInstruction();
    BlockInfo info = getBlockInfo(currentBlock);
    Position position = source.getCurrentPosition();
    if (info.hasMoreThanASingleNormalExit()) {
      // Exceptional edges are always split on construction, so no need to split edges to them.
      // Introduce split-edge blocks for all normal edges and push them on the work list.
      for (int successorOffset : info.normalSuccessors) {
        BlockInfo successorInfo = getBlockInfo(successorOffset);
        if (successorInfo.predecessorCount() == 1) {
          // re-add to worklist as a unique succ
          WorklistItem oldItem = null;
          for (WorklistItem item : ssaWorklist) {
            if (item.block == successorInfo.block) {
              oldItem = item;
            }
          }
          assert oldItem.firstInstructionIndex == source.instructionIndex(successorOffset);
          ssaWorklist.remove(oldItem);
          ssaWorklist.add(
              new SplitBlockWorklistItem(
                  oldItem.firstInstructionIndex,
                  oldItem.block,
                  position,
                  currentInstructionOffset,
                  successorOffset));
        } else {
          BasicBlock splitBlock = createSplitEdgeBlock(currentBlock, successorInfo.block);
          ssaWorklist.add(
              new SplitBlockWorklistItem(
                  -1, splitBlock, position, currentInstructionOffset, successorOffset));
        }
      }
    } else if (info.normalSuccessors.size() == 1) {
      int successorOffset = info.normalSuccessors.iterator().nextInt();
      source.buildBlockTransfer(this, currentInstructionOffset, successorOffset, false);
    } else {
      // TODO(zerny): Consider refactoring to compute the live-at-exit via callback here too.
      assert info.allSuccessors().isEmpty();
    }
  }

  private static BasicBlock createSplitEdgeBlock(BasicBlock source, BasicBlock target) {
    BasicBlock splitBlock = new BasicBlock();
    splitBlock.incrementUnfilledPredecessorCount();
    splitBlock.getMutablePredecessors().add(source);
    splitBlock.getMutableSuccessors().add(target);
    source.replaceSuccessor(target, splitBlock);
    target.replacePredecessor(source, splitBlock);
    return splitBlock;
  }

  /**
   * Change to control-flow graph to avoid repeated phi operands when all the same values flow in
   * from multiple predecessors.
   *
   * <p>As an example:
   *
   * <pre>
   *
   *              b1          b2         b3
   *              |                       |
   *              ----------\ | /----------
   *
   *                         b4
   *                  v3 = phi(v1, v1, v2)
   * </pre>
   *
   * <p>Is rewritten to:
   *
   * <pre>
   *              b1          b2         b3
   *                  \    /             /
   *                    b5        -------
   *                        \    /
   *                          b4
   *                  v3 = phi(v1, v2)
   *
   * </pre>
   */
  public void joinPredecessorsWithIdenticalPhis() {
    List<BasicBlock> blocksToAdd = new ArrayList<>();
    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      // Consistency check. At this point there should be no incomplete phis.
      // If there are, the input is typically dex code that uses a register
      // that is not defined on all control-flow paths.
      if (block.hasIncompletePhis()) {
        throw new CompilationError(
            "Undefined value encountered during compilation. "
                + "This is typically caused by invalid dex input that uses a register "
                + "that is not defined on all control-flow paths leading to the use.");
      }
      if (block.entry() instanceof MoveException) {
        // TODO: Should we support joining in the presence of move-exception instructions?
        continue;
      }
      List<Integer> operandsToRemove = new ArrayList<>();
      Map<ValueList, Integer> values = new HashMap<>();
      Map<Integer, BasicBlock> joinBlocks = new HashMap<>();
      if (block.getPhis().size() > 0) {
        Phi phi = block.getPhis().get(0);
        for (int operandIndex = 0; operandIndex < phi.getOperands().size(); operandIndex++) {
          ValueList v = ValueList.fromPhis(block.getPhis(), operandIndex);
          BasicBlock predecessor = block.getPredecessors().get(operandIndex);
          if (values.containsKey(v)) {
            // Seen before, create a join block (or reuse an existing join block) to join through.
            int otherPredecessorIndex = values.get(v);
            BasicBlock joinBlock = joinBlocks.get(otherPredecessorIndex);
            if (joinBlock == null) {
              joinBlock =
                  BasicBlock.createGotoBlock(
                      basicBlockNumberGenerator.next(), block.getPosition(), metadata, block);
              joinBlocks.put(otherPredecessorIndex, joinBlock);
              blocksToAdd.add(joinBlock);
              BasicBlock otherPredecessor = block.getPredecessors().get(otherPredecessorIndex);
              joinBlock.getMutablePredecessors().add(otherPredecessor);
              otherPredecessor.replaceSuccessor(block, joinBlock);
              block.getMutablePredecessors().set(otherPredecessorIndex, joinBlock);
            }
            joinBlock.getMutablePredecessors().add(predecessor);
            predecessor.replaceSuccessor(block, joinBlock);
            operandsToRemove.add(operandIndex);
          } else {
            // Record the value and its predecessor index.
            values.put(v, operandIndex);
          }
        }
      }
      block.removePredecessorsByIndex(operandsToRemove);
      block.removePhisByIndex(operandsToRemove);
    }
    blocks.addAll(blocksToAdd);
  }

  // Other stuff.

  boolean isIntegerType(NumericType type) {
    return type != NumericType.FLOAT && type != NumericType.DOUBLE;
  }

  boolean isNonLongIntegerType(NumericType type) {
    return type != NumericType.FLOAT && type != NumericType.DOUBLE && type != NumericType.LONG;
  }

  public NumberGenerator getValueNumberGenerator() {
    return valueNumberGenerator;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    builder.append(("blocks:\n"));
    for (BasicBlock block : blocks) {
      builder.append(block.toDetailedString());
      builder.append("\n");
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }
}