| # Copyright (c) 2016, the R8 project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file |
| # for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a |
| # BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file. |
| |
| # Different utility functions used accross scripts |
| |
| import hashlib |
| import json |
| import os |
| import re |
| import shutil |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import tarfile |
| import tempfile |
| import zipfile |
| |
| import defines |
| import jdk |
| |
| ANDROID_JAR_DIR = 'third_party/android_jar/lib-v{api}' |
| ANDROID_JAR = os.path.join(ANDROID_JAR_DIR, 'android.jar') |
| TOOLS_DIR = defines.TOOLS_DIR |
| REPO_ROOT = defines.REPO_ROOT |
| THIRD_PARTY = defines.THIRD_PARTY |
| ANDROID_SDK = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'android_sdk') |
| MEMORY_USE_TMP_FILE = 'memory_use.tmp' |
| DEX_SEGMENTS_RESULT_PATTERN = re.compile('- ([^:]+): ([0-9]+)') |
| BUILD = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'build') |
| BUILD_DEPS_DIR = os.path.join(BUILD, 'deps') |
| BUILD_MAIN_DIR = os.path.join(BUILD, 'classes', 'main') |
| BUILD_TEST_DIR = os.path.join(BUILD, 'classes', 'test') |
| LIBS = os.path.join(BUILD, 'libs') |
| GENERATED_LICENSE_DIR = os.path.join(BUILD, 'generatedLicense') |
| SRC_ROOT = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'src', 'main', 'java') |
| TEST_ROOT = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'src', 'test', 'java') |
| REPO_SOURCE = 'https://r8.googlesource.com/r8' |
| |
| D8 = 'd8' |
| R8 = 'r8' |
| R8LIB = 'r8lib' |
| R8LIB_NO_DEPS = 'r8LibNoDeps' |
| R8_SRC = 'sourceJar' |
| COMPATDX = 'compatdx' |
| COMPATDXLIB = 'compatdxlib' |
| COMPATPROGUARD = 'compatproguard' |
| COMPATPROGUARDLIB = 'compatproguardlib' |
| |
| D8_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'd8.jar') |
| R8_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8.jar') |
| R8LIB_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8lib.jar') |
| R8_SRC_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8-src.jar') |
| R8LIB_EXCLUDE_DEPS_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8lib-exclude-deps.jar') |
| R8_FULL_EXCLUDE_DEPS_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8-full-exclude-deps.jar') |
| COMPATDX_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'compatdx.jar') |
| COMPATDXLIB_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'compatdxlib.jar') |
| COMPATPROGUARD_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'compatproguard.jar') |
| COMPATPROGUARDLIB_JAR = os.path.join(LIBS, 'compatproguardlib.jar') |
| MAVEN_ZIP = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8.zip') |
| MAVEN_ZIP_LIB = os.path.join(LIBS, 'r8lib.zip') |
| # TODO(b/134732760): The JSON configuration should be moved. |
| DESUGAR_CONFIGURATION = os.path.join( |
| TEST_ROOT, |
| 'com', |
| 'android', |
| 'tools', |
| 'r8', |
| 'desugar', |
| 'desugaredlibrary', |
| 'desugar_jdk_libs.json') |
| DESUGAR_CONFIGURATION_MAVEN_ZIP = os.path.join( |
| LIBS, 'desugar_jdk_libs_configuration.zip') |
| GENERATED_LICENSE = os.path.join(GENERATED_LICENSE_DIR, 'LICENSE') |
| RT_JAR = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'third_party/openjdk/openjdk-rt-1.8/rt.jar') |
| R8LIB_KEEP_RULES = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'src/main/keep.txt') |
| RETRACE_JAR = os.path.join( |
| THIRD_PARTY, |
| 'proguard', |
| 'proguard6.0.1', |
| 'lib', |
| 'retrace.jar') |
| PROGUARD_JAR = os.path.join( |
| THIRD_PARTY, |
| 'proguard', |
| 'proguard6.0.1', |
| 'lib', |
| 'proguard.jar') |
| CF_SEGMENTS_TOOL = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'cf_segments') |
| PINNED_R8_JAR = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'third_party/r8/r8.jar') |
| PINNED_PGR8_JAR = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'third_party/r8/r8-pg6.0.1.jar') |
| SAMPLE_LIBRARIES_SHA_FILE = os.path.join( |
| THIRD_PARTY, 'sample_libraries.tar.gz.sha1') |
| OPENSOURCE_APPS_SHA_FILE = os.path.join( |
| THIRD_PARTY, 'opensource_apps.tar.gz.sha1') |
| OPENSOURCE_APPS_FOLDER = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'opensource_apps') |
| BAZEL_SHA_FILE = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'bazel.tar.gz.sha1') |
| BAZEL_TOOL = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'bazel') |
| JAVA8_SHA_FILE = os.path.join(THIRD_PARTY, 'openjdk', 'jdk8', 'linux-x86.tar.gz.sha1') |
| |
| ANDROID_HOME_ENVIROMENT_NAME = "ANDROID_HOME" |
| ANDROID_TOOLS_VERSION_ENVIRONMENT_NAME = "ANDROID_TOOLS_VERSION" |
| USER_HOME = os.path.expanduser('~') |
| |
| R8_TEST_RESULTS_BUCKET = 'r8-test-results' |
| |
| def archive_file(name, gs_dir, src_file): |
| gs_file = '%s/%s' % (gs_dir, name) |
| upload_file_to_cloud_storage(src_file, gs_file, public_read=False) |
| |
| def archive_value(name, gs_dir, value): |
| with TempDir() as temp: |
| tempfile = os.path.join(temp, name); |
| with open(tempfile, 'w') as f: |
| f.write(str(value)) |
| archive_file(name, gs_dir, tempfile) |
| |
| def getAndroidHome(): |
| return os.environ.get( |
| ANDROID_HOME_ENVIROMENT_NAME, os.path.join(USER_HOME, 'Android', 'Sdk')) |
| |
| def getAndroidBuildTools(): |
| version = os.environ.get(ANDROID_TOOLS_VERSION_ENVIRONMENT_NAME, '28.0.3') |
| return os.path.join(getAndroidHome(), 'build-tools', version) |
| |
| def Print(s, quiet=False): |
| if quiet: |
| return |
| print(s) |
| |
| def Warn(message): |
| CRED = '\033[91m' |
| CEND = '\033[0m' |
| print(CRED + message + CEND) |
| |
| def PrintCmd(cmd, env=None, quiet=False): |
| if quiet: |
| return |
| if type(cmd) is list: |
| cmd = ' '.join(cmd) |
| if env: |
| env = ' '.join(['{}=\"{}\"'.format(x, y) for x, y in env.iteritems()]) |
| print('Running: {} {}'.format(env, cmd)) |
| else: |
| print('Running: {}'.format(cmd)) |
| # I know this will hit os on windows eventually if we don't do this. |
| sys.stdout.flush() |
| |
| class ProgressLogger(object): |
| CLEAR_LINE = '\033[K' |
| UP = '\033[F' |
| |
| def __init__(self, quiet=False): |
| self._count = 0 |
| self._has_printed = False |
| self._quiet = quiet |
| |
| def log(self, text): |
| if self._quiet: |
| if self._has_printed: |
| sys.stdout.write(ProgressLogger.UP + ProgressLogger.CLEAR_LINE) |
| if len(text) > 140: |
| text = text[0:140] + '...' |
| print(text) |
| self._has_printed = True |
| |
| def done(self): |
| if self._quiet and self._has_printed: |
| sys.stdout.write(ProgressLogger.UP + ProgressLogger.CLEAR_LINE) |
| print('') |
| sys.stdout.write(ProgressLogger.UP) |
| |
| def RunCmd(cmd, env_vars=None, quiet=False, fail=True, logging=True): |
| PrintCmd(cmd, env=env_vars, quiet=quiet) |
| env = os.environ.copy() |
| if env_vars: |
| env.update(env_vars) |
| process = subprocess.Popen( |
| cmd, env=env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) |
| stdout = [] |
| logger = ProgressLogger(quiet=quiet) if logging else None |
| failed = False |
| while True: |
| line = process.stdout.readline() |
| if line != b'': |
| stripped = line.rstrip() |
| stdout.append(stripped) |
| if logger: |
| logger.log(stripped) |
| |
| # TODO(christofferqa): r8 should fail with non-zero exit code. |
| if ('AssertionError:' in stripped |
| or 'CompilationError:' in stripped |
| or 'CompilationFailedException:' in stripped |
| or 'Compilation failed' in stripped |
| or 'FAILURE:' in stripped |
| or 'org.gradle.api.ProjectConfigurationException' in stripped |
| or 'BUILD FAILED' in stripped): |
| failed = True |
| else: |
| if logger: |
| logger.done() |
| exit_code = process.poll() |
| if exit_code or failed: |
| for line in stdout: |
| Warn(line) |
| if fail: |
| raise subprocess.CalledProcessError( |
| exit_code or -1, cmd, output='\n'.join(stdout)) |
| return stdout |
| |
| def RunGradlew( |
| args, clean=True, stacktrace=True, use_daemon=False, env_vars=None, |
| quiet=False, fail=True, logging=True): |
| cmd = ['./gradlew'] |
| if clean: |
| assert 'clean' not in args |
| cmd.append('clean') |
| if stacktrace: |
| assert '--stacktrace' not in args |
| cmd.append('--stacktrace') |
| if not use_daemon: |
| assert '--no-daemon' not in args |
| cmd.append('--no-daemon') |
| cmd.extend(args) |
| return RunCmd(cmd, env_vars=env_vars, quiet=quiet, fail=fail, logging=logging) |
| |
| def IsWindows(): |
| return defines.IsWindows() |
| |
| def IsLinux(): |
| return defines.IsLinux() |
| |
| def IsOsX(): |
| return defines.IsOsX() |
| |
| def EnsureDepFromGoogleCloudStorage(dep, tgz, sha1, msg): |
| if not os.path.exists(dep) or os.path.getmtime(tgz) < os.path.getmtime(sha1): |
| DownloadFromGoogleCloudStorage(sha1) |
| # Update the mtime of the tar file to make sure we do not run again unless |
| # there is an update. |
| os.utime(tgz, None) |
| else: |
| print 'Ensure cloud dependency:', msg, 'present' |
| |
| def DownloadFromX20(sha1_file): |
| download_script = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, 'tools', 'download_from_x20.py') |
| cmd = [download_script, sha1_file] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def DownloadFromGoogleCloudStorage(sha1_file, bucket='r8-deps', auth=False): |
| suffix = '.bat' if IsWindows() else '' |
| download_script = 'download_from_google_storage%s' % suffix |
| cmd = [download_script] |
| if not auth: |
| cmd.append('-n') |
| cmd.extend(['-b', bucket, '-u', '-s', sha1_file]) |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def get_sha1(filename): |
| sha1 = hashlib.sha1() |
| with open(filename, 'rb') as f: |
| while True: |
| chunk = f.read(1024*1024) |
| if not chunk: |
| break |
| sha1.update(chunk) |
| return sha1.hexdigest() |
| |
| def is_master(): |
| remotes = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'branch', '-r', '--contains', |
| 'HEAD']) |
| return 'origin/master' in remotes |
| |
| def get_HEAD_sha1(): |
| return get_HEAD_sha1_for_checkout(REPO_ROOT) |
| |
| def get_HEAD_sha1_for_checkout(checkout): |
| cmd = ['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| with ChangedWorkingDirectory(checkout): |
| return subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip() |
| |
| def makedirs_if_needed(path): |
| try: |
| os.makedirs(path) |
| except OSError: |
| if not os.path.isdir(path): |
| raise |
| |
| def upload_dir_to_cloud_storage(directory, destination, is_html=False, public_read=True): |
| # Upload and make the content encoding right for viewing directly |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', '-m', 'cp'] |
| if is_html: |
| cmd += ['-z', 'html'] |
| if public_read: |
| cmd += ['-a', 'public-read'] |
| cmd += ['-R', directory, destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def upload_file_to_cloud_storage(source, destination, public_read=True): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'cp'] |
| if public_read: |
| cmd += ['-a', 'public-read'] |
| cmd += [source, destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def delete_file_from_cloud_storage(destination): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'rm', destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def ls_files_on_cloud_storage(destination): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'ls', destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| return subprocess.check_output(cmd) |
| |
| def cat_file_on_cloud_storage(destination, ignore_errors=False): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'cat', destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| try: |
| return subprocess.check_output(cmd) |
| except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: |
| if ignore_errors: |
| return '' |
| else: |
| raise e |
| |
| def file_exists_on_cloud_storage(destination): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'ls', destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| return subprocess.call(cmd) == 0 |
| |
| def download_file_from_cloud_storage(source, destination): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'cp', source, destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call(cmd) |
| |
| def create_archive(name, sources=None): |
| if not sources: |
| sources = [name] |
| tarname = '%s.tar.gz' % name |
| with tarfile.open(tarname, 'w:gz') as tar: |
| for source in sources: |
| tar.add(source) |
| return tarname |
| |
| def extract_dir(filename): |
| return filename[0:len(filename) - len('.tar.gz')] |
| |
| def unpack_archive(filename): |
| dest_dir = extract_dir(filename) |
| if os.path.exists(dest_dir): |
| print 'Deleting existing dir %s' % dest_dir |
| shutil.rmtree(dest_dir) |
| dirname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename)) |
| with tarfile.open(filename, 'r:gz') as tar: |
| tar.extractall(path=dirname) |
| |
| def check_prodacces(): |
| subprocess.check_call(['prodaccess']) |
| |
| # Note that gcs is eventually consistent with regards to list operations. |
| # This is not a problem in our case, but don't ever use this method |
| # for synchronization. |
| def cloud_storage_exists(destination): |
| cmd = ['gsutil.py', 'ls', destination] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| exit_code = subprocess.call(cmd) |
| return exit_code == 0 |
| |
| class TempDir(object): |
| def __init__(self, prefix='', delete=True): |
| self._temp_dir = None |
| self._prefix = prefix |
| self._delete = delete |
| |
| def __enter__(self): |
| self._temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(self._prefix) |
| return self._temp_dir |
| |
| def __exit__(self, *_): |
| if self._delete: |
| shutil.rmtree(self._temp_dir, ignore_errors=True) |
| |
| class ChangedWorkingDirectory(object): |
| def __init__(self, working_directory, quiet=False): |
| self._quiet = quiet |
| self._working_directory = working_directory |
| |
| def __enter__(self): |
| self._old_cwd = os.getcwd() |
| if not self._quiet: |
| print 'Enter directory:', self._working_directory |
| os.chdir(self._working_directory) |
| |
| def __exit__(self, *_): |
| if not self._quiet: |
| print 'Enter directory:', self._old_cwd |
| os.chdir(self._old_cwd) |
| |
| # Reading Android CTS test_result.xml |
| |
| class CtsModule(object): |
| def __init__(self, module_name): |
| self.name = module_name |
| |
| class CtsTestCase(object): |
| def __init__(self, test_case_name): |
| self.name = test_case_name |
| |
| class CtsTest(object): |
| def __init__(self, test_name, outcome): |
| self.name = test_name |
| self.outcome = outcome |
| |
| # Generator yielding CtsModule, CtsTestCase or CtsTest from |
| # reading through a CTS test_result.xml file. |
| def read_cts_test_result(file_xml): |
| re_module = re.compile('<Module name="([^"]*)"') |
| re_test_case = re.compile('<TestCase name="([^"]*)"') |
| re_test = re.compile('<Test result="(pass|fail)" name="([^"]*)"') |
| with open(file_xml) as f: |
| for line in f: |
| m = re_module.search(line) |
| if m: |
| yield CtsModule(m.groups()[0]) |
| continue |
| m = re_test_case.search(line) |
| if m: |
| yield CtsTestCase(m.groups()[0]) |
| continue |
| m = re_test.search(line) |
| if m: |
| outcome = m.groups()[0] |
| assert outcome in ['fail', 'pass'] |
| yield CtsTest(m.groups()[1], outcome == 'pass') |
| |
| def grep_memoryuse(logfile): |
| re_vmhwm = re.compile('^VmHWM:[ \t]*([0-9]+)[ \t]*([a-zA-Z]*)') |
| result = None |
| with open(logfile) as f: |
| for line in f: |
| m = re_vmhwm.search(line) |
| if m: |
| groups = m.groups() |
| s = len(groups) |
| if s >= 1: |
| result = int(groups[0]) |
| if s >= 2: |
| unit = groups[1] |
| if unit == 'kB': |
| result *= 1024 |
| elif unit != '': |
| raise Exception('Unrecognized unit in memory usage log: {}' |
| .format(unit)) |
| if result is None: |
| raise Exception('No memory usage found in log: {}'.format(logfile)) |
| return result |
| |
| # Return a dictionary: {segment_name -> segments_size} |
| def getDexSegmentSizes(dex_files): |
| assert len(dex_files) > 0 |
| cmd = [jdk.GetJavaExecutable(), '-jar', R8_JAR, 'dexsegments'] |
| cmd.extend(dex_files) |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| output = subprocess.check_output(cmd) |
| |
| matches = DEX_SEGMENTS_RESULT_PATTERN.findall(output) |
| |
| if matches is None or len(matches) == 0: |
| raise Exception('DexSegments failed to return any output for' \ |
| ' these files: {}'.format(dex_files)) |
| |
| result = {} |
| |
| for match in matches: |
| result[match[0]] = int(match[1]) |
| |
| return result |
| |
| # Return a dictionary: {segment_name -> segments_size} |
| def getCfSegmentSizes(cfFile): |
| cmd = [jdk.GetJavaExecutable(), |
| '-cp', |
| CF_SEGMENTS_TOOL, |
| 'com.android.tools.r8.cf_segments.MeasureLib', |
| cfFile] |
| PrintCmd(cmd) |
| output = subprocess.check_output(cmd) |
| |
| matches = DEX_SEGMENTS_RESULT_PATTERN.findall(output) |
| |
| if matches is None or len(matches) == 0: |
| raise Exception('CfSegments failed to return any output for' \ |
| ' the file: ' + cfFile) |
| |
| result = {} |
| |
| for match in matches: |
| result[match[0]] = int(match[1]) |
| |
| return result |
| |
| def get_maven_path(artifact, version): |
| return os.path.join('com', 'android', 'tools', artifact, version) |
| |
| def print_cfsegments(prefix, cf_files): |
| for cf_file in cf_files: |
| for segment_name, size in getCfSegmentSizes(cf_file).items(): |
| print('{}-{}(CodeSize): {}' |
| .format(prefix, segment_name, size)) |
| |
| def print_dexsegments(prefix, dex_files): |
| for segment_name, size in getDexSegmentSizes(dex_files).items(): |
| print('{}-{}(CodeSize): {}' |
| .format(prefix, segment_name, size)) |
| |
| # Ensure that we are not benchmarking with a google jvm. |
| def check_java_version(): |
| cmd= [jdk.GetJavaExecutable(), '-version'] |
| output = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT) |
| m = re.search('openjdk version "([^"]*)"', output) |
| if m is None: |
| raise Exception("Can't check java version: no version string in output" |
| " of 'java -version': '{}'".format(output)) |
| version = m.groups(0)[0] |
| m = re.search('google', version) |
| if m is not None: |
| raise Exception("Do not use google JVM for benchmarking: " + version) |
| |
| def get_android_jar_dir(api): |
| return os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, ANDROID_JAR_DIR.format(api=api)) |
| |
| def get_android_jar(api): |
| return os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, ANDROID_JAR.format(api=api)) |
| |
| def get_android_optional_jars(api): |
| android_optional_jars_dir = os.path.join(get_android_jar_dir(api), 'optional') |
| android_optional_jars = [ |
| os.path.join(android_optional_jars_dir, 'android.test.base.jar'), |
| os.path.join(android_optional_jars_dir, 'android.test.mock.jar'), |
| os.path.join(android_optional_jars_dir, 'android.test.runner.jar'), |
| os.path.join(android_optional_jars_dir, 'org.apache.http.legacy.jar') |
| ] |
| return [ |
| android_optional_jar for android_optional_jar in android_optional_jars |
| if os.path.isfile(android_optional_jar)] |
| |
| def is_bot(): |
| return 'SWARMING_BOT_ID' in os.environ |
| |
| def uncompressed_size(path): |
| return sum(z.file_size for z in zipfile.ZipFile(path).infolist()) |
| |
| def getR8Version(path): |
| cmd = [jdk.GetJavaExecutable(), '-cp', path, 'com.android.tools.r8.R8', |
| '--version'] |
| output = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT) |
| # output is on form 'R8 <version>' so we just strip of 'R8 '. |
| return output.splitlines()[0][3:] |
| |
| def desugar_configuration_version(): |
| with open(DESUGAR_CONFIGURATION, 'r') as f: |
| configuration_json = json.loads(f.read()) |
| configuration_format_version = \ |
| configuration_json.get('configuration_format_version') |
| if (configuration_format_version > 2): |
| raise Exception( |
| 'Unsupported "configuration_format_version" ' |
| + str(configuration_format_version)) |
| version = configuration_json.get('version') |
| if not version: |
| raise Exception( |
| 'No "version" found in ' + utils.DESUGAR_CONFIGURATION) |
| check_basic_semver_version(version, 'in ' + DESUGAR_CONFIGURATION) |
| return version |
| |
| class SemanticVersion: |
| def __init__(self, major, minor, patch): |
| self.major = major |
| self.minor = minor |
| self.patch = patch |
| # Build metadata currently not suppported |
| |
| def larger_than(self, other): |
| if self.major > other.major: |
| return True |
| if self.major == other.major and self.minor > other.minor: |
| return True |
| if self.patch: |
| return (self.major == other.major |
| and self.minor == other.minor |
| and self.patch > other.patch) |
| else: |
| return False |
| |
| |
| # Check that the passed string is formatted as a basic semver version (x.y.z) |
| # See https://semver.org/. |
| def check_basic_semver_version(version, error_context = '', components = 3): |
| regexp = '^' |
| for x in range(components): |
| regexp += '([0-9]+)' |
| if x < components - 1: |
| regexp += '\\.' |
| regexp += '$' |
| reg = re.compile(regexp) |
| match = reg.match(version) |
| if not match: |
| raise Exception("Invalid version '" |
| + version |
| + "'" |
| + (' ' + error_context) if len(error_context) > 0 else '') |
| if components == 2: |
| return SemanticVersion(int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)), None) |
| elif components == 3: |
| return SemanticVersion( |
| int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)), int(match.group(3))) |
| else: |
| raise Exception('Argument "components" must be 2 or 3') |